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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成题。

吃瓜子

丰子恺

从前听人说,中国人人人具有三种博士的资格:拿筷子博士、吹煤头纸博士、吃瓜子博士。

我以为中国人的三种博士才能中,咬瓜子的才能最可叹佩。常见闲散的少爷们,一只手指间夹着一支香烟,一只手握着一把瓜子,且吸且咬,且咬且吃,且吃且谈,且谈且笑。从容自由,真是“交关写意!”他们不须拣选瓜子,也不须用手指去剥。一粒瓜子塞进了口里,只消“格”地一咬,“呸”地一吐,早已把所有的壳吐出,而在那里嚼食瓜子的肉了。那嘴巴真像一具精巧灵敏的机器,不绝地塞进瓜子去,不绝地“格,呸”“格,呸”……全不费力,可以永无罢休。女人们、小姐们的咬瓜子,态度尤加来得美妙;她们用兰花似的手指摘住瓜子的圆端,把瓜子垂直地塞在门牙中间,而用门牙去咬它的尖端。“的,的”两响,两瓣壳的尖头便向左右绽裂。然后那手敏捷地转个方向,同时头也帮着了微微地一侧,使瓜子水平地放在门牙口,用上下两门牙把两瓣壳分别拨开,咬住了瓜子肉的尖端而抽它出来吃。这吃法不但“的,的”的声音清脆可听,那手和头的转侧的姿势窈窕得很,有些儿妩媚动人。连丢去的瓜子壳也模样姣好,有如朵朵兰花。由此看来,咬瓜子是中国少爷们的专长,而尤其是中国小姐、太太们的拿手戏。

在酒席上、茶楼上,我看见过无数咬瓜子的圣手。近来瓜子大王畅销,我国的小孩子们也都学会了咬瓜子的绝技。我的技术,在国内不如小孩子们远甚,只能在外国人面前占胜。记得从前我在赴横滨的轮船中,与一个日本人同舱。偶检行箧,发现亲友所赠的一罐瓜子。旅途寂寥,我就打开来和日本人共吃。这是他平生没有吃过的东西,他觉得非常珍奇。在这时候,我便老实不客气地装出内行的模样,把吃法教导他,并且示范地吃给他看。托祖国的福,这示范没有失败。但看那日本人的练习,真是可怜得很!他如法将瓜子塞进口中,“格”地一咬,然而咬时不得其法,将唾液把瓜子的外部完全浸湿,拿在手里剥的时候,滑来滑去,无从下手,终于滑落在地上,无处寻找了。他空咽一口唾液,再选一粒来咬。这回他剥时非常小心,把咬碎了的瓜子陈列在舱中的食粜上,俯伏了头,细细地剥,好像修理钟表的样子。约莫一二分钟之后,好容易剥得了些瓜仁的碎片,郑重地塞进口里去吃。我问他滋味如何,他点点头连称umaiumai(好吃,好吃!)我不禁笑了出来。我看他那阔大的嘴里放进一些瓜仁的碎屑,犹如沧海中投以一粟,亏他辨出umai的滋味来。但我的笑不仅为这点滑稽,本由于骄矜自夸的心理。我想,这毕竟是中国人独得的技术,像我这样对于此道最拙劣的人,也能在外国人面前占胜,何况国内无数精通此道的少爷、小姐们呢?

发明吃瓜子的人,真是一个了不起的天才!这是一种最有效的“消闲”法。要“消磨岁月”,除了抽鸦片以外,没有比吃瓜子更好的方法了。之所以最有效是因为它具备三个条件:一、吃不厌;二、吃不饱;三、要剥壳。

具足以上三个利于消磨时间的条件的,在世间一切食物之中,想来想去,只有瓜子。所以我说发明吃瓜子的人是了不起的天才。而能尽量地享用瓜子的中国人,在消闲一道上,真是了不起的积极的实行家!试看粮食店、南货店里的瓜子的畅销,试看茶楼、酒店、家庭中满地的瓜子壳,便可想见中国人在“格,呸”“的,的”的声音中消磨去的时间,每年统计起来为数一定可惊。将来此道发展起来,恐怕是全中国也可消灭在“格,呸”“的、的”的声音中呢。

我本来见瓜子害怕,写到这里,觉得更加害怕了。

(有删节)

1下列关于文章内容的概括与分析,最恰当的两项是( )

A.女人们、小姐们咬瓜子的态度温和,那手和头的转侧姿势也窈窕得很,有些妩媚动人,就连丢去的瓜子壳也模样姣好,有如朵朵兰花,令人叹佩。

B.吃瓜子是小姐太太们的拿手戏,是少爷们的专长,从他们的吃玩情形以及商店里瓜子的畅销状况中,足见有闲阶级的“消磨”状况令人害怕。

C.文章先写少爷、小姐、太太们咬瓜子的才能,再写在我教导下的那个日本人吃瓜子的可怜相,最后指出这种“消闲”法令人害怕,这样消闲注定会亡国。

D.作者因旅途寂寥而与那个同舱的日本人共吃瓜子,日本人吃瓜子没有“的,的”的声音,而有一口唾液,还点头连称“好吃,好吃”,真是对日本人极度讽刺。

E.小孩子们咬瓜子的手艺也不错,虽然赶不上那些在酒席上、茶楼上的“圣手”,但一定能胜过我在赴横滨的轮船中与我同舱的那个日本人。

2作者在第③段中写日本人剥吃瓜子的情形有什么作用?

答:____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3请结合文章内容,谈谈你对“我本来见瓜子害怕,写到这里,觉得更加害怕了”的理解。

答:____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4丰子恺的散文有构思精巧、小中见大、亲切率真、幽默风趣等特点,请根据本文内容,任选两个方面简要分析。

答:____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

1BE

2①表现日本人吃瓜子笨拙、滑稽,“真是可怜得很”,为下文的讽刺进行铺垫。②“我”算不了“圣手”,技术在国内不如小孩子们远甚。但“我”在这个日本人面前却成了“内行”。通过层层对比,突出“有闲者”的“闲”。③通过写日本人剥吃瓜子的窘态,反衬出国人吃瓜子技能的高超,他们把吃瓜子变成了一种消遣玩味的游戏,“他们愉快地把时间消磨下去”,“真是一个了不起的天才”。作者在轻松幽默的话语中给予了“有闲阶级”无情的讥讽。

3①瓜子具有“吃不厌、吃不饱、要剥壳”这三个消磨时间的最有效的条件,要“消磨岁月”,除了抽鸦片以外,没有比吃瓜子更好的方法了,所以我“害怕”。②在中国,吃瓜子是少爷们的专长,是小姐太太们的拿手戏,也是他们最有效的“消闲”法。全中国恐怕会消灭在“格,呸”“的、的”的声音中,所以我“更加害怕了”。③“害怕”二字表达出作者对这“现状”的担忧,对有闲阶级消磨时间的否定与讽刺。

4(示例)(1)本文“小中见大”,中国人“吃瓜子”可谓生活琐碎之事,小之又小,然而作者却能由此推想到“有闲阶级”的“闲”,深挖国民性中日日消磨的懒散,并提到国家将因此衰弱的高度,可谓见微知著,于细微之中见宏大!

(2)本文语言“幽默风趣”,例如写“闲散的少爷们”吃瓜子熟练,寓贬于褒写出了他们的丑态;又说“那嘴巴真像一具精巧灵敏的机器”,使用反语写出了对他们的厌恶。这些语言“幽默风趣”,让人忍俊不禁。

【解析】

1A项,“女人们、小姐们咬瓜子的态度温和”理解错误,原文是“女人们、小姐们的咬瓜子,态度尤加来得美妙”,这里的“态度”应是“姿态”“仪容”之义。C项,“这样消闲注定会亡国”说得太过了。D项,“真是对日本人极度讽刺”,从文本语境看,作者没有讽刺之意。

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