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    【题目】下面这段文字是从哪三个方面指出儒、道“离异而对立”的？请简要概括，不超过20个字。

    儒、道是离异而对立的。一个入世，乐观进取；一个出世，消极退避。如果说荀子强调的是“无伪则性不能自美”，那么庄子强调的就是“天地有大美而不言”。前者强调艺术的人工制作和外在功利，后者突出的是自然，即美和艺术的独立。如果前者由于其狭隘实用的功利框架，经常对艺术和审美造成束缚、损害和破坏，那么后者则恰恰给这种框架和束缚以强有力的冲击和否定。

    答：________________________________________________________________________

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    【答案】①人生态度；②美学观点；③不同观点的影响。

    【解析】文段开头讲“儒、道是离异而对立的”，下文是围绕这一观点阐述的，考生概括时可为文段划分层次，并抓住关键词。第二句的关键词为“入世”“出世”，第三、四句的关键词为“美”“艺术”，第五句谈到了儒和道的影响，考生对这些内容进行归纳总结，即可得出答案。

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