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【题目】阅读下面的宋诗完成后面的问题。

早岁那知世事艰中原北望气如山。

楼船夜雪瓜洲渡铁马秋风大散关。

塞上长城空自许镜中衰鬓已先斑。

出师一表真名世千载谁堪伯仲间

(1)如何理解书愤它具体包含了哪些情感

(2)请简要赏析本诗的起句和结句。

【答案】1)“为愤慨、愤懑之意。诗人矢志做塞上长城”,北伐收复中原但为投降派所阻志向始终不能实现。尽管此时诗人已经年逾花甲罢官退居多时但一想到未能实现的北伐大计心中的愤懑就无法遏止。因此诗人愤而为诗诗便尽是愤。2既有对投降派的控诉也饱含了诗人报国无门、壮志难酬的悲愤心情。(2)《书愤》起句中的世事艰暗指投降派把持朝政为下文感慨空自许做了铺垫。那知写出了诗人对朝廷的失望和愤慨照应了诗歌的主旨——“。结句诗人用典明志以诸葛亮自比。诗人以鞠躬尽瘁死而后已自勉表明至死也不放弃恢复中原的大志。诗人悲愤而不绝望把诗情推向了高潮。

【解析】1诗歌的题目可以包含时间、地点、人物、事件以及诗歌的题材等诸多信息它往往交代了诗歌的基本内容。因此通过对诗歌题目的内涵的揣摩我们可以更好地去理解诗歌的主题和情感感知诗人对生命、社会和生活的某种见解甚至是诗人的某种理想、抱负等。书愤中的为书写之意,“为愤慨、愤懑之意结合诗歌的写作背景、诗歌内容等就可以知道字包含的内容及情感。 (2)首联慨叹国事艰难追述年轻时收复失地的豪情壮志。上句那知一词写出了诗人对南宋朝廷的失望和愤慨。字有艰难的意思直接道出诗人经历的辛酸与坎坷浓缩了因主战而受到的种种刁难、排挤和迫害。这两个词语暗含着对投降派迫害忠臣、阻挠北伐的卑劣行径的斥责。它是诗人的根源。结句千载谁堪伯仲间一个反问句既抒发了因奸臣当道壮士报国无门而生的难言的悲哀又可以从中看出诗人对诸葛亮的崇敬之情说明了诗人虽屡遭挫折但意志并未消沉。

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