14．Most people will experience at least one wrong medical diagnosis in their lifetime，resulting in health problems，psychological suffering and financial cost，according to a new report．Because diagnostic errors are generally discovered in retrospect （回顾），researchers said more work needs to be done to improve medical teams and find ways to avoid errors that can change people's life in the distant future．
"Diagnosis is a collective effort that often involves a team of health care professionals----from primary care physicians to nurses，''said John Ball，chair of the committee which wrote the report．"The type of a single physician observing a patient case and deciding a diagnosis is not always accurate，and a diagnostic error is not always due to human errors．Therefore，to make it possible to reduce diagnostic errors，we have to look more broadly at the entire process of how a diagnosis is made．"
The researchers said there are not enough data on diagnostic errors，and efforts to improve diagnosis and reduce errors have not been frequent．The medical culture discourages transparency and makes it more difficult to correct them．The blame lies in cooperation and communication between members of medical teams treating patients，patients themselves，and their families．Besides this，researchers found the healthcare system is not designed for the collaboration needed in the diagnostic process and that diagnosis will continue to worsen if new ideas are not put forward．
The committee recommended more information，from electronic health records to test results，be made more easily available to families and caregivers，to help them better learn and understand what is going on with their health．Creating an environment for patients to question a diagnosis or add information about their condition could also help better influence diagnosis．
Most significantly，the researchers said methods need to be established to make communication between doctors and patients easier．Doctors currently are not encouraged or paid to communicate with patients as much as they should be．
46．It can be inferred from the new report thatA
A．diagnostic errors have a great influence on people
B．new ways are found to avoid diagnostic errors
C．nobody can avoid those diagnostic errors
D．diagnostic errors are difficult to be found
47．Why does the medical culture make the correction of diagnostic errors so difficult？D
A．For lack of advanced technological equipment．
B．For lack of strict rules of managing the medical environment．
C．For lack of enough professional knowledge about medicinal treatment．
D．For lack of cooperation and communication between physicians，patients and their families．
48．What does Para.4 mainly talk about？C
A．Researches on the diagnostic process
B．New ways to better protect patients
C．Advice on reducing diagnostic errors
D．Communication between patients and doctors
49．Why is communication between doctors and patients not much？B
A．Because of the different belief
B．Because of the medical situation
C．Because of being short of money
D．Because of the current rules
50．The passage most probably comes fromB．
A．a hospital advertisement
B．a medical magazine
C．a science book
D．a research report．
分析 本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，属于说明文，本文主要讲述了诊断错误这一现象出现的原因，以及为减少诊断错误提出的建议．
解答 46．A．细节理解题．根据Most people will experience at least one wrong medical diagnosis in their lifetime，resulting in health problems，psychological suffering and financial cost可知，诊断错误对人有很大的影响．故选A．
47．D．细节理解题．根据The medical culture discourages transparency and makes it more difficult to correct them．The blame lies in cooperation and communication between members of medical teams treating patients，patients themselves，and their families．可知，医师、病人及其家属之间缺乏合作与沟通使诊断错误的校正如此困难．故选D．
48．C．段落大意题．根据The committee recommended more information，from electronic health records to test results，be made more easily available to families and caregivers，to help them better learn and understand what is going on with their health．Creating an environment for patients to question a diagnosis or add information about their condition could also help better influence diagnosis．可知，从电子健康记录的测试结果有更多的信息，可以更容易地获得家庭和照顾者，帮助他们更好地学习和了解自己的健康状况，为患者创造一个环境问题诊断或添加自己的状态信息可以帮助更好的影响诊断．故本段主要提出了减少诊断错误的建议．故选C．
49．B．推理判断题．根据The medical culture discourages transparency and makes it more difficult to correct them．以及下文内容可知，是医疗文化状况导致医生与病人的沟通少．故选B．
50．B．推理判断题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了诊断错误这一现象出现的原因，以及为减少诊断错误提出的建议．本文最有可能来自于医学杂志．故选B．
点评 本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，推理判断题，段落大意题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．
