Question

   Monique Udell,a researcher with Oregon State University,got the help of ten domesticated(驯养的) dogs,ten dogs that live in shelters,and ten wolves raised by humans. Each of the animals was presented with a tasty sausage which they could smell,but not eat. The sausage was then placed inside a plastic container with a cover connected to a short length of rope. In order to open the container and eat the sausage,they had to pull on the rope while holding down the container,a task considered fairly simple for dogs and wolves. The experiment was conducted in two ways,one in which the animals were alone,and the other one in which they were with their owners.

   Surprisingly,none of the pet dogs was able to complete the task,and only one of the shelter dogs did so. However,eight out of ten wolves succeeded.

   The presence of a human made no difference. When the owner offered encouragements,four of the shelter dogs were able to access the sausage,but still only one pet managed to do it.

   Udell also made an interesting note: pet dogs have lived alongside humans for a long time,and therefore,when feeling confused about a new situation,they tend to look at their owners for help. The dogs were asking for help,while the wolves didn't give up and tried to solve the problem themselves.

   This experiment seems to show that something about being pets made dogs lose a big part of their motivation and this affects their problem-solving ability. Perhaps even more interesting is the fact that shelter dogs did somewhat better than house dogs — which indicates that being a pet makes dogs “softer” and less motivated to solve problems. However,things are not as simple as saying that wolves are “smarter” or “more creative” than dogs.

28. The sausages used in the experiment.

   A. had a disgusting smell

   B. came from some shelters

   C. were directly tied to a rope

   D. could be reached with very little effort

29. As for the pet dogs in the experiment,the presence of their owners .

   A. produced a negative result

   B. made them totally confused

   C. had little effect on their performance

   D. gave them the greatest encouragement

30. What does the underlined part “do it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?

   A. Pull on the rope. B. Smell the sausage.

   C. Open the container. D. Make a difference.

31. The experiment shows that .

   A. dogs hate being kept as pets

   B. pets have lost part of their wild nature

   C. shelter dogs seldom turn to others for help

   D. wolves are smarter and more creative than dogs

Answer 1

28. D 29. C 30. C 31. B

(自然)

本文是说明文.实验证明与人类一起生活的动物生存能力退化。

28. D.细节理解题。由第一段中的a task considered fairly simple for dogs and wolves 可知，这项实验对于狗和狼来说相当容易。

29. C.细节理解题。由第二段中的The presence of a human made no difference 可知，即使有主人 在，狗的表现也没什么区别。

30. C.篇章结构题。由第一段中的In order to open the,container and eat the sausage.以及第二 段中的four of the shelter dogs were ...able to access the sausage 可知，do.it 指代 open the container .

31. B.细节理解麗。由第四段中的This experiment seems to show that something about being pets made dogs lose a big part of their motivation and this affects thiitiproblem-solving ability 可知，长 期与人类相伴,狗失去了部分原有的野性。