Sometimes，you just can’t help it．Maybe you’re watching a sad movie，or thinking about the friend who moved away．Next thing you know，your eyes are watering，and you have tears running down your cheeks．Why do people cry when they are emotional? What are tears? Scientists are working hard to find the answers to these questions．
Ad Vingerhoets is a professor of psychology at Tilburg University，in the Netherlands．He is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying．According to Vingerhoets，there are three types of tears．Basal tears are the first type．They lubricate(润滑)the eyes and act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World．Next are reflex tears．They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them．Finally，there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states，”explains Vingerhoets．“Especially when we feel helpless．”
Scientists believe that crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other．“Humans are very complex social creatures，”says Lauren Bylsma，a professor at the University of Pittsburgh，in Pennsylvania．“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others，’’She says．“Another reason we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal．It takes a long time to grow up．”
Vingerhoets agrees．“I think that the reason why humans shed tears(流眼泪)has something to do with our childhood，”he says．“That’s the time when we are stir dependent on adults for love and protection and care．The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person．”Vingerhoets says this ability to target someone could have come in hand in prehistoric times，when humans were living among dangerous animals．Crying could attract predators(捕食者)．Tears were a safer way to get attention．In this case，it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help，”he says．
Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry．According to Byhma，there is still much more to discover．“It’s surprising，”she says，“how much we still don’t know．”
1.Which of the following is reflex tears?
A．Tears when eyes are dry．
B．Tears moved by a story．
C．Tears released when crying．
D．Tears when dirt gets into eyes．
2.What’s the function of tears according to Bylsma?
A．It helps human develop longer．
B．It helps humans attract predators.
C．It helps arouse attention．
D．It helps people to be independent．
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A．Emotional tears are better than reflex tears．
B．Basal tears are a type of protective barrier．
C．Tears helped frighten predators away．
D．It’s easy to understand why humans cry．
4.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Why people shed tears． B．When people shed tears．
C．How people shed tears． D．Where people shed tears．
科目：高中英语 来源：2016届四川省高三下学期入学考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Several years ago, the mayor of Chicago, Illinois, visited Germany, a leader in green roof design. Later he decided to have vegetation planted on Chicago City Hall. Today, the tops of many other buildings also look like parks. In Canada, the Coast Plaza Hotel in Vancouver has a forest on its roof. New York City has an unusual example farm for hydroponics. The farm is on a boat called the Science Barge. Rainwater and river water are used to grow lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers. The farm shows the possibilities for designing rooftop systems.
Green roofs are designed to save energy and capture rainwater. Rooftops covered with plants help keep buildings cool. They can extend the life of a roof. And they can reduce water running off into streets and storming water systems.
Experts say green roofs usually do not get much above 27℃. So temperatures might not be a problem for growing. But rooftop gardeners have to be careful not to put too much weight on the roof. This is true whether plants are grown in soil or water.
Earlier in 2008, researchers in Texas reported that green roofs can reduce a building's air conditioning costs by about one?fifth compared to black?top roofs. But they also reported that not all green roofs perform equally well. They found that designs differ in their ability to keep buildings cool and to capture rainwater. The researchers put experimental roofs on top of metal insulated (隔热的) boxes, to recreate green roof conditions. The study compared products from six companies to help businesses understand how to improve their designs. Each rooftop had sixteen different kinds of plants native to Texas. The researchers say the presence of native plants likely helped all the green roofs capture water better compared to sedums. Sedums are plants that need little water and often are used on green roofs. The native plants could take in more water and release more of it to the atmosphere.
1.The author gave Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. tell us what is green roof design
B. tell us Germany is the country that leads or guides the green roof design
C. introduce some famous hotels in the world
D. lead to the topic of the passage
2.The advantages of green roofs are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ________.
A. changing the local weather
B. prolonging the roof's life
C. keeping the house cool
D. reducing the house's air conditioning costs
3.According to the passage, which conclusion is WRONG?
A. Sometimes green roofs may break down the house.
B. Not all the green roofs can reduce the building's air conditioning costs equally.
C. Different designs of green roofs have different effects on buildings.
D. Sedums are a kind of plants native to Texas.
4.The experiment is mentioned in the last paragraph ________.
A. to find out how many different plants in Texas
B. to show us how to design green roofs
C. to introduce a kind of roof made of metal
D. to provide proofs to improve the design of green roofs
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年天津静海一中芦台一中等六校高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
----We ____ at the station so early. The train leaves at 9:20.
---- I thought it would go at 8:00, and you didn’t refuse to set off so early.
A. needn’t have arrived
B. didn’t have to arrive
C. shouldn’t have arrived
D. mustn’t arrive
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年甘肃嘉峪关市高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A motto is a sentence or a phrase ___1.___ can inspire us especially when we are __2.____(face) with difficulties. Many of us have our mottoes, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Or “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.”, and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help ___3._____(they).” Sometimes I am lazy and don’t want to make efforts __4.______( work) hard, _5.____ as soon as I think of my motto I will get energetic again and devote myself __6.___ what I am doing. I write my motto __7.__ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, the sight of my motto inspires me with much ____8.____(confident). My motto also makes me become _9.______ independent person. That is to say, I won’t rely on others easily.
My friends, what is your motto? If you still haven’t got a motto, please choose _10.______ because a motto can have a great effect on you.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届山东临沂高三下学期教学质量检测（一模）英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jamie发邮件告诉你他对中国传统文学非常感兴趣，但是在阅读时遇到了很多困难，比如很多汉字不认识，读不懂文章的意思等等，希望得到你的帮助。请用英文给Jamie回邮件。
内容要点如下：
1．表示理解并给予安慰；
2．提出建议并说明理由。
注意：
1．词数100左右：
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。信中不能出现本人相关信息。
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年陕西城固第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone has stolen it. Unluckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It was very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend, he lent me lots of clothes. I felt very happy about that I could change my clothes at last.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年陕西城固第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard.
“I’ll be the first millionaire in Coleford!” Richard used to boast（吹嘘）.
“And you’ll be sorry you knew me,” George would reply “because I’ll be the best lawyer in the town!”
George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money. Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street. It was hard to make money from books, which made the competition between them worse.
Then Richard married a mysterious girl. The couple spent their honeymoon on the coast—but Richard never came back. The police found his wallet on a deserted beach but the body was never found. He must have drowned.
Now with only one bookshop in town, business was better for George. But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his formal rival(竞争对手). Perhaps he missed him?
George was very interested in old dictionaries. He’d recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition. When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. He was astonished—the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable! Trembling, George started reading.
“Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans. The company, owned by multi-millionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia.”
1. George and Richard were ______ at school.
A. competitors B. good friends C. roommates D. booksellers
2. George got information about Richard from ______.
A. a dictionary collector in Australia
B. Richard’s wife
C. a rare first edition of a dictionary
D. the wrapping paper of a book
3. How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance?
A. He envied Richard’s marriage.
B. He thought of Richard from time to time.
C. He felt lucky with no rival in town.
D. He was guilty of Richard’s death.
4.What happened to George and Richard in the end?
A. Both George and Richard became millionaires.
B. Both of them realized their original ambitions.
C. Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.
D. George established a successful business while Richard was missing.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年湖北荆门高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 0f its residents (屠民) are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home.
"The number and variety of wild animals in urban c城市的) areas is increasing," says Corner Jones. A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year counted 14 kinds of animals. A similar survey carried out in the 1890's counted only five kinds.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. First, the air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, and many animals have gone to the area outside the centre of a city. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避难处) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent $ 750, 000 to buy land and build 10 permanent (永久性的) wildlife refuges in the city. As a result, many birds are now living in the city. By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life.
That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The key is to create habitats where they are able to live happily. Such habitats can even be useful. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones keep the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. 2,000 foxes returning to London.
B. Wild animals living in zoos.
C. Wildlife returning to some larger cities.
D. The great enemy of wildlife.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos
B. Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city
C. Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside
D. Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem
3.According to the passage, the number of species of wildlife in New York's park .
A. is slowly going down
B. is the same as that in other cities
C. doesn't change too much
D. has more than doubled in the last century
4. Which of the following is NOT a reason why wildlife is returning to the cities?
A. There is plenty of food for wildlife in the city.
B. Wildlife enjoys being watched and fed in the cities.
C. More and more special living areas have been built for the wildlife.
D. Air and water quality has improved in the cities.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年广东深圳高级中学高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Peter,
In your last email, you said you like collecting stamps. That sounds greatly. I like it, too and had already collected lots of them. So I’d be glad to offer you some Chinese stamp.
Besides collecting stamps, I enjoy listen to different kinds of music in my spare time, like pop music, jazz, classical music and so on. For a result, I have made many good friends but learnt much about the world. So I have benefited a lot my hobbies.
As a Senior 1 student, I am now working very hard to prepare for the coming exam. In the class, I listen to the teachers attentively and take notes careful. After class, I take an active part on various sports to keep healthy.
Best wishes.
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