It may seem to be a hard task to trace back the history of rap music, though you often see the informal music associated with highly informal dance style. As far as the origin of rap music is concerned, most people agree that it is from Afro-American and Latino Street culture of New York City. Not only in this city but in the surrounding areas there is the influence of African people and their culture.
Rap is a vocal (口头的) style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat. The term of rap music is the same with hip-hop music typically-consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap. If we see it carefully, then we will definitely notice that the music usually is sung at higher pitches (调). Most of the time rap music is associated with chorus. Though rap music was primarily an American music style with African influence over its music and lyrics, recently it has been spread to almost the entire world.
There is hardly any country or nation where rap music cannot be seen in some form or another, and it is one of the most popular music styles among the youngsters. However, when it comes to its history, it is believed that hip-hop or rap music started in the early 1970s，and gained much popularity throughout the world during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The history of rap music and hip-hop music is full of controversies (争议) and bans, as the lyrics sometimes relate to drugs and crime; even most famous pop stars and hip-hop musicians and singers were found to be associated with the controversies in their life. For that reason, no matter how popular this music style was or still is, it has always had a bad reputation in the eyes of mainstream society.
1.The passage is mainly about _____.
A．when rap music started B．how rap music develops
C．what rap music is like D．why rap music is popular
2.The characteristics of rap music are _____.
A．solo, rhymes，beats and pops
B．speaking, rhythms，beats and solo
C．repeating, speaking, pops and chorus
D．speaking, rhymes, beats and chorus
3.Rap music is now one of the music styles mostly run after by _____.
A．the teenagers in Africa
B．all kinds of people in the world
C．the youngsters all over the world
D．the young people in the US
4.Rap music is often not well thought of by the mainstream because _____.
A．it comes from the lower class
B．it has a short history
C．it is associated with crimes and drugs
D．its music is full of controversies
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.C
【解析】
试题分析：文章探究了说唱音乐历史是如何发展的，同时对说唱音乐的普及进行了描写。对于说唱音乐不入主流的原因也进行了阐述。
1.主旨题。纵观全文，本文主要讲解了说唱音乐的历史，从文章第一句话就可知。故选B。
2.细节题。从文章第二自然段Rap is a vocal (口头的) style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat.以及Most of the time rap music is associated with chorus.可知，说唱音乐的特点是说、押韵、敲击及合唱形式。
3.细节题。从第三自然段There is hardly any country or nation where rap music cannot be seen in some form or another, and it is one of the most popular music styles among the youngsters.及第二自然段的最后一句话可知，说唱音乐在全世界的年轻人中都很流行。故选C。
4.细节推断题。从最后一段The history of rap music and hip-hop music is full of controversies (争议) and bans, as the lyrics sometimes relate to drugs and crime;可知，之所以不能被主流社会所接纳的原因是它的歌词涉及到一些犯罪事件和毒品问题。
考点：说明文
点评：本文属于说明文中较容易的文体。说明文是历年高考很常见的文体，对于科技类的说明文比较难，而对于说物的文体较容易。本文中，把握好一个中心即说唱音乐的发展史。同时，此类文章细节题居多，在对文章看懂了的基础在仔细对比选项和文章，即可得出答案。
科目：高中英语 来源：江西省师大附中、临川一中2011届高三12月联考英语试题 题型：050
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰围）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."
The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（内脏的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.
The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.
There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷尔蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.
Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?
A. Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night.
B. Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night.
C. Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day.
D. John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week.
What does the study, reported in the Journal Sleep find?
A. Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain.
B. People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep.
C. It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health.
D. Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health.
What does the lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston agree with?
A. People should do some exercise in their daily life.
B. There is a close link between sleep habits and health.
C. More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep.
D. More and more people tend to sleep less than before.
What can we infer from the passage?
A. Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat.
B. We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit.
C. We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health.
D. We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away.
What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults.
B. Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit.
C. Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now.
D. Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People.
查看答案和解析>>
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Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活)if the rain is
spread throughout the year, If it falls, within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.
Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the
dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.
There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand , rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing -very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.
Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that :have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.
60. Many plants may survive in deserts when__________________.
A. the rain is spread out in a year B. the rain falls only in a few weeks
C. there is little rain in a year D. it is dry all the year round
61. Sand dunes are formed when___________________.
A. sand piles up gradually B. there is plenty of rain in a year
C. the sea has dried up over the years D. pieces of rock get smaller
62. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is____________.
A. too much sand B. more sand than before
C. nothing except sand D. something else besides sand
63 It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.
A. there is no rainfall throughout the year B. life exists in rough conditions
C. all sand dunes are a few feet high D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011届江西省师大附中、临川一中高三上学期两校联考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰围）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus
（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."
The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（内脏的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.
The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.
There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷尔蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.
【小题1】Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?
| A．Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night. |
| B．Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night. |
| C．Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day. |
| D．John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week. |
| A．Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain. |
| B．People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep. |
| C．It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health. |
| D．Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health. |
| A．People should do some exercise in their daily life. |
| B．There is a close link between sleep habits and health. |
| C．More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep. |
| D．More and more people tend to sleep less than before. |
| A．Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat. |
B．We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to ke ep fit. |
| C．We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health. |
| D．We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away. |
| A．Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults. |
| B．Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit. |
| C．Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now. |
| D．Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People. |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年江西省、临川一中高三上学期两校联考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰围）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."
The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（内脏的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.
The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.
There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷尔蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.
1.Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?
A. Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night.
B. Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night.
C. Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day.
D. John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week.
2.What does the study, reported in the Journal Sleep find?
A. Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain.
B. People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep.
C. It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health.
D. Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health.
3.What does the lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston agree with?
A. People should do some exercise in their daily life.
B. There is a close link between sleep habits and health.
C. More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep.
D. More and more people tend to sleep less than before.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A. Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat.
B. We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit.
C. We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health.
D. We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away.
5.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults.
B. Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit.
C. Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now.
D. Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People.
查看答案和解析>>
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