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5.Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart,(33)because/as background music can reduce your ability to perform memory tasks,new research has found.
Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight letters in the order they (34)were presented/had been presented(present).They did this while in five different sound environments:quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (an order of random digits); and steady state (an order of steady digits such as"3,3,3,3").
The participants'recall ability was the poorest when listening to music,regardless of (35)whether they liked or disliked it,and in changing-state conditions.(36)The most accurate(accurate) recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments,according to the study (37)published(publish) online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.
"It is the sound variation in the music and changing state (38)that reduces the ability to recall the order of items within the presented list,"explained the leading researcher Nick Perham,(39)who is a lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff,in a news release from the journal's publisher.
When performing (40)a challenging mental task,do it in silence,Perham recommended.

分析 本文主要写了当要完成一个富有挑战性的任务时,应该在静默中完成,否则会分心.

解答 33.because/as   考查连词.在听音乐的时候为考试学习并不聪明,因为背景音乐能降低你的记忆力.可见两句之间是因果关系,because/as是连词表原因.
 34.were presented/had been presented 考查被动语态.研究参与者被要求召回一个列表中他们已提出的八个字母的顺序,present是动词"提出",被提出所以用被动语态.
35.whether  考查固定结构.根据句意:不管他们喜欢还是不喜欢"whether…or…"可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句,意为"不管…".
 36.The most accurate 考查形容词.根据句意:最准确的召回发生时执行的任务在稳态环境中.accurate是形容词"精确的",最高级是the most accurate.
 37.published 考查非谓语. 根据句意:这项研究发表在《应用认知心理学杂志》上study和publish之间是被动关系,所以此处用过去分词在句中做定语,
38.that 考查强调句.本句中的被强调部分是 the sound variation in the music and changing state,根据强调句的固定结构It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句,所以答案填that.  
 39.who  考查定语从句.本句是一个定语从句,被修饰的先行词为Nick Perham,在从句中做主语,所以关系代词用who.
40.a 考查冠词.本句中task是可数名词,根据句意:一个具有挑战性的心理任务,所以用不定冠词a.

点评 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力,在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意,在读懂短文的基础上,结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析.要解决好语法填空,离不开坚实的语法知识,有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断,从而答对题目.

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