Question

3．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
     An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．It can last anywhere from one to six years，but four years is typical for most．An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years．The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires．Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking．
    One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything．The companies that hire them pay for school．What's more，it offers apprentices an"earn while you learn"opportunity．They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive．Apprenticeship also pays off for employers．It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from．
    Despite the advantages，apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night，which leaves little time for anything else．Sometimes，they might be laid off（下岗） if business for the employers is slow．
    Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen，they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again．Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with；others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors．

72．classroomlearning
73．themajority
74．theoretical
75．atthebeginning
76．ajouneyman'swages
77．manywell-trainedworkers
78．beinglaidoff
79．Results
80．anotherpayincrease．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇说明文．客观介绍了学徒的定义、学徒体制的优点与不足．

解答 71．Apprenticeship 
综合理解题．　第一自然段解析了什么是apprenticeship，第二自然段说明了其优点，第三段说明了其不足，故文章是围绕apprenticeship而展开的．故填Apprenticeship．
72．classroom learning  
细节理解题．　根据第一段"An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．"可知，学徒是一种把工作经历和课堂学习结合起来在工作中得到培训的形式．故填classroom learning．
73．the majority    
细节理解题． 根据第一段"An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills----"可知，故填the majority．
74．theoretical    
细节理解题．　由第一段中的"The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires．"可得出答案．其余时间是在课堂上渡过的，学习工作中所要求的理论技能．故填theoretical．
75．at the beginning     细节理解题．　由第二段中的"They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．"可知，是在刚开始的时候，故填at the beginning．
76．a jouneyman's wages     
细节理解题．　由第二段中"their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive"可知答案，他们的工资是一个熟练工人所得工资的百分之九十．故填a jouneyman's wages．
77．many well-trained workers细节理解题．　根据第二段中的"It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from．"可知答案，故填many well-trained workers．
78．being laid off细节理解题．　文章的倒数第二自然段可以得出答案．（they might be laid off（下岗） if business for the employers is slow．）对于雇主来说，如果生意进行得太慢，他们也许会下岗．故填being laid off．
79．Results
理解总结题．　一旦他们完成了apprenticeship，就可以成为journeyman，可以领到证还可以增加收入，故应为结果result．
80．another pay increase．
细节理解题．　根据第四段中"heir pay also increases again"可知，故填another pay increase．

点评 本题考查任务型阅读题型．解答此类题型的步骤：预测与确立文章主题，了解图表纵横框架结构，预测文章文脉内容．略读：快速浏览全文，结合图表理清文章基本结构与文脉．扫读：获取文章主要信息．细读：分析整合信息、准确表达．复查：通观全篇，复读检查．同时注意语法：字母大小写、名词的数和格、词性等方面．