15．The thing about the Internet of Things（物联网），which describes the near future in which all our devices and appliances are connected to the Internet---and one another---is that suddenly they're vulnerable（脆弱的，易受伤害的） to the dark side of constant connectivity，too．Cyber security folks point out it"opens a Pandora's Box of security and privacy risks that cannot be ignored，"writes Christophe Fabre，CEO of software services vendor（供应商） Axway．
The security firm Proofpoint Inc．reports it has uncovered one of the first Internet of Things cyber attacks．Included in the attack were Smart TVs，wireless speakers and at least one refrigerator．It turns out refrigerators can send out emails，so just as your email can be hacked，your fridge can，too．
"People should be concerned because unlike PCs and laptops where there are tools and user interfaces （用户界面）where you can tell if something is wrong，there's not a lot to help you tell if your fridge or home audio system has been compromised，"says David Knight．
Here's how the company says it worked Hackers commandeered（强占） home routers and the like and used them to send out malicious（恶意的） emails to grow their botnet （僵尸网络），or army of infected devices．Botnets-and now，"ThingBots"-can be used by hackers to perform large-scale cyber attacks against websites by drowning them with traffic．
So as consumers are beginning to buy Internet-connected appliances，Knight says they should consider the security of those devices，too．And that companies haven't done enough to protect appliances from hacks．
"Many of these devices，without picking on manufacturers，are running old software with known vulnerabilities．They've got very insecure default passwords like〔username〕admin〔password〕admin，"Knight says．The net effect for consumers，he says-other than degraded machine performance because of compromised software-is that their machines will be busy sending malicious messages"instead of playing music or doing whatever they're supposed to be doing，"he says．"They also might cease to function or not be reachable for their intended purpose．"
When a fridge was hacked，the firm said it didn't peek．"We chose not to pry into the privacy of this person's refrigerator，"Knight says．
59．What Fabre said in para.1suggests thatD．
A．it is dangerous for all devices to be connected constantly．
B．constant connectivity may cause devices to break down．
C．a security box is needed for all appliances and devices．
D．people ignore the risks of connecting the Internet．
60．What does the underlined word"compromised"mean？B
A．Exposed．B．Damaged．C．Updated．D．Connected．
61．Why do some people hack the refrigerator？C
A．To destroy the function of the refrigerator．
B．To pry into the privacy of the owner．
C．To send a lot of messages to drown websites．
D．To know the contents of the refrigerator．
62．According to the text，a hacked smart TVB．
A．won't be able to be turned off all the time
B．will spread harmful messages among viewers
C．will be busy providing people with junk ads
D．will fail to broadcast programmes as usual．
分析 本文主要讲述在不久的将来，凡是连接到互联网的设备和电器都有可能因为持续的联网被黑而导致安全和隐私受到威胁．
解答 DBCB
59 D 细节题． 根据文章第一 段 all our devices and appliances are connected to the Internet---and one another---is that suddenly they're vulnerable（脆弱的，易受伤害的） to the dark side of constant connectivity，too． 可知 Fabre 暗示人们忽略了持续联网的危害，故选D．
60 B 猜测词义题． 根据文章第三 段unlike PCs and laptops where there are tools and user interfaces （用户界面）where you can tell if something is wrong，可知电脑可以判断文件是否被毁坏，但是冰箱或者家庭音频系统不可能知道自己被毁坏，故选B．
61 C 细节题． 根据文章第四 段，"ThingBots"-can be used by hackers to perform large-scale cyber attacks against websites by drowning them with traffic．可知"ThingBots"可以被黑客利用来执行大规模网络攻击网站，故选C．
62 B 细节题． 根据文章第二 段 it has uncovered one of the first Internet of Things cyber attacks 可知一个被黑客攻击的智能电视会给观众传播有害信息，故选B．
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