Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports.
B. Research papers.
C .Private e-mails.
D. Daily conversations．
2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. They’re socially inactive.
B. They’re good at telling stories.
C. They’re inconsiderate of others.
D. They’re careful with their words.
3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A. Sports new.
B. Science articles.
C. Personal accounts.
D. Financial reviews.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B. Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
科目：高中英语 来源：2017届陕西西安市高三上第三次模拟考英语卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As soon as I saw the cat in our yard, I knew he was a stray (流浪儿). He looked ________—a wounded warrior with a badly scarred body.
I started putting out food for him each day, but he wouldn’t come near me if other people were ________. Winter came, and he still wouldn’t ________ us. Then, one day, a car hit him so we took him to the vet’s.
After a week, we were eager to bring him home to ________ our family. But when we went to take the cat home, the vet told us we should put him to ________ immediately because the cat was so fierce and mean that he would ________ become tame, let alone a pet.
But I have always had ________ in love’s power to ________ even the wildest beasts. I told the vet, “I want to take him home.” We ________ him Paws.
Three days went by, and we only knew Paws was ________ the bed because when we walked past it we heard deep growling.
I wanted to somehow let him know he was ________ and loved. So I put on a hard hat and a pair of welding gloves. I ________ under the bed toward Paws, with my face to the ________ and only the top of my head facing him. I ________ out to stroke (抚摩) him gently over and over again.
He growled and tried to ________ and bite me. It was scary—but I knew he couldn’t ________ me, so I just kept going. Slowly, he began to ________. Then I slid out from under the bed and left the room.
Several hours later, I noticed a cat on the bed. It was Paws—all ________ on the pillows! I couldn’t believe it.
That dear cat became the ________ of our household. Although Paws finally died of cancer, his legacy(遗赠)—my ________ and firm belief in the power of love — lives on.
1.A. cuteB. strongC. fierceD. smart
2.A. aroundB. inC. outD. away
3.A. loveB. attackC. refuseD. trust
4.A. pleaseB. joinC. seeD. satisfy
5.A. deathB. sightC. observationD. sleep
6.A. simplyB. hardlyC. easilyD. gradually
7.A. senseB. interestC. faithD. feeling
8.A. comfortB. convinceC. protectD. tame
9.A. namedB. appointedC. acceptedD. made
10.A. onB. besideC. underD. inside
11.A. hopefulB. pitifulC. carefulD. safe
12.A. hidB. slidC. shelteredD. slept
13.A. bedB. skyC. floorD. feet
14.A. turnedB. pickedC. pulledD. reached
15.A. playB. scratchC. lickD. push
16.A. hurtB. botherC. avoidD. betray
17.A. get angryB. give upC. run awayD. calm down
18.A. stepped outB. stood out
C. stretched outD. stuck out
19.A. hopeB. loveC. supportD. comfort
20.A. normalB. nobleC. strangeD. continued
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北衡水中学高三上期五调12月英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你校将迎接英国学生代表团。作为学校书法社团部长，请你写一篇发言稿，要点如下：
1.介绍书法用品
2.阐述书法学习的好处
3.邀请英国学生参加书法练习活动
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3. 开头以为你写好。
参考词汇 书法calligraphy
文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study (writing brush, ink stick, paper, ink slab)
Dear friends,
We’d like to share our culture with you by introducing you to the art of Chinese calligraphy.
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北衡水中学高三上期七调英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Is any economist so dull as to criticise Christmas? At first glance,the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries (奇想）as GDP growth.After all,everyone is spending;in America,retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.Even so,economiwsts find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.
Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.At the simplest level,giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like-he tries to guess her preferences,as economists say-and then buying the gift and delivering it.Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy;indeed,it is often done badly.Every year,ties go unworn and books unread.And even if a gift is enjoyed,it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.
Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts,in 1993 Joel Waldfogel,then an economist at Yale University,sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms.In a research,he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season:first,estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received;second,apart from the sentimental value of the items,if you did not have them,how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy:on average,a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver.
In addition,recipients may not know their own preferences very well.Some of the best gifts,after all,are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying,but which turn out to be especially well picked.And preference can change.So by giving a jazz CD,for example,the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before.This,a desire to build skills,is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead.
Finally,there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase.If someone else buys them,however,they can be enjoyed guilt-free.This might explain the high volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays.Thus,the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high sentimental value.
1.The word “sentimental” in Paragraph 3 is close to “ ”
A.intelligent B.emotional C.social D.practical
2.According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Price is nothing but the factor when you give gifts.
B.Chocolates will be blamed when people receive them as gifts.
C.The receivers often overestimate the values of gifts.
D.Wants do not always correspond to needs in gift-giving.
3.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text?
A.The gift-giver tries to neglect the actual needs of the receiver.
B.The best gifts are well picked by the givers.
C.In gift-giving,guessing preference is often a failure,so it's the thought that counts.
D.You have to take money into consideration when giving a gift.
4.The text is most likely taken from a .
A.users' handbook B.medical journal
C.travel magazine D.consumer-related report
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北衡水中学高三上期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单词拼写
第二节单词拼写：根据汉意或用括号内所给单词正确形式填空。
1. Opportunities and success tend to be in ___(有利于)of those who are ready.
2. He was ___________(推荐)for the post by a colleague.
3. He made some quite ____(合理的)points and gave a good speech.
4. I wish you wouldn’t ___(打断)me all the time.
5. Health officials have tried to raise ________(意识，觉悟)about AIDS.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届福建省漳州市八校高三上学期期末联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
The bank worker told me my check had run out. It 1. (take) me some minutes to understand her words. This year had brought me so much pain—a divorce, losing my house and the loss 2. my iob. After 3. (leave) the bank, I wondered what I would do. 4. it was only 5:30 pm, it was already dark and cold outside. At one point, I stopped and cried out to God. With a 5. (break) spirit, I said aloud, "Lord, I really need help right now, today, not tomorrow and not the next day." 6. (final), when my tears dried up, I headed home. Approaching my home, I noticed 7. envelope. The envelope 8. (fill) with hundreds of dollars of gift cards 9. could meet my urgent needs! I was in shock and surprise. God heard those 10. (cry) from a cold, dark and lonely place and assured me that he did hear and would provide.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届辽宁实验中学等五校高三上期末联考英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Hello everyone. I've got something to tell you, so please listen careful. There is several changes in the timetable for today. You start with English for usual, then business studies and after the break, history and art. Because the changes in the timetable, your business studies lesson this morning won’t be in Room 313. Instead, they will be in Room 303. Now the changes in the after-school activity this week. The debating group will met today. There’s some practice on Thursday—that’s tomorrow—for those of you which want to get into the school team. And on Friday, the music group will meet to prepare for the school performance. Finally, let’s see who is on the duty today. George, it was your turn, right?
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评（五）英语卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
假如你是李华。你将要参加本周六主题为An unforgettable Experience in High School 的英语演讲比赛。你写了一篇演讲稿，请外教Jason给予指导。请根据以下要点，给他写一封邮件。
1.说明情况；
2.指导内容（词汇，语法，结构等）；
3.回复时间；
4.表达感激。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.信的格式已给出，不计入总词数；
3.适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jason,
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年四川省乐山市高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
When we know somewhere well，we say we “know it like the back of our hand”. But new research has shown that we don’t actually know as much about our hands as we think we do.
Wider and shorter
Professor Matthew Longo at the University of London and his team did an experiment, covering the left hands of 100 people. Then they asked the people to point to where they thought their fingertips and knuckles (指关节) were. They made some quite big mistakes.
“People think their hand is wider than it actually is,” said Longo. The fingers also seem shorter than they are. This mistake gets worse as you go across the hand from the thumb to the little finger.
Sense of position
“It is connected to our sense of position,” explained Longo. This is our ability to tell where different parts of our bodies are, even when we can’t see them. “It tells us whether a joint is straight, or not” he said. It also tells us whether we are going up or down in an elevator. All this information comes from signs from nerves in real time. It’s like our brain has maps — maps that show the size and shape of our body. “This experiment tried to find those maps,” said Longo.
Strength(强度) of feeling
But these maps make mistakes. These mistakes may be made because of how the brain understands different parts of the skin. “Our brains ‘see’ areas as larger where the skin feels touch strongly,” said Longo. Body parts don’t appear as their true size, but appear bigger or smaller depending on how strongly they feel touch. Our lips, for example, have more nerves than our nose. So brain “sees” lips on its map of the body as being bigger than our nose. The same thing happens for other parts of the body that have lots of nerves.
Longo believes that more research in this area may help us to understand eating problem better, because people suffering from these problems may not know their bodies properly.
1.Which of following statement is TRUE about the experiment according to the article?
A. People think their body parts are larger than they actually are.
B. People made more mistakes about their little fingers length than their thumbs’ length.
C. People’s fingers are actually shorter than they think.
D. People were asked to draw their hands from memory
2.What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The new experiment. B. The location information.
C. The mistake people made. D. The sizes of fingers and hands.
3.We can learn from the article that ________.
A. the maps of people’s bodies form before they are born
B. the maps of our body are based on information from nerves
C. our sense of position tells how different parts of the body work
D. how we feel about our body shape is only decided by our sense of position
4.We can infer from the article that ________.
A. the hand feels touch more strongly than fingers do
B. our lips have a weaker sense of touch than our nose
C. there are more nerves in the finger than in the hand
D. our sense of position should not be trusted because it is too often incorrect
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