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    A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China—“tuhao”—which loosely means “nouveau riche”. There have been more than 100 million references to the word “tuhao” on social media since early September.

    It’s being used to describe everything from the new people’s daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of millionaires, and the new gold-colored iPhone.

    In Chinese “tu” means earth and “hao” means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quickly—but don’t quite have the manners to go along with it. “It’s like the term ‘nouveau riche’”, says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham, “but has even more negative meanings, suggesting a certain vulgarity(粗俗).”

    “Tuhao” is actually an old word, dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty—1,500 years ago, but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry(乡绅)who would often do bad things to those beneath them.

    This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with a sentence, “Tuhao, let’s be friends!”

    Chinese Internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship(审查) rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it expresses China’s changing society so well—many people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.

    1.What is the best title of the passage?

    A. Tuhao, a newly popular word in China

    B. The long history of Tuhao

    C. The new usage of Tuhao

    D. Tuhao, a newly-invented Chinese word

    2.Which of the following may NOT be considered “tuhao”?

    A. A vulgar nouveau riche.

    B. A landholder.

    C. A quick-rich peasant without proper manners.

    D. A Buddhist monk.

    3.The last but one paragraph mainly tells us ________.

    A. what the new usage of the word is

    B. how the word becomes popular again

    C. why the unhappy man went to the Buddhist monk

    D. what advice the monk gave the unhappy man

    4.What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?

    A. Respect. B. Envy. C. Laugh. D. Disbelieve.

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