分析 传统外科手术需要外科医生在患者身体上开刀划开一个很大的伤口以接近其内脏器官.对操作上有专业和复杂步骤的心脏手术而言,过去的普遍情况是要在患者的胸部划开很长的伤口然后分裂胸骨以到达心脏所处的位置.作这个手术的患者经常要冒着感染的风险,以为细菌会感染皮肤上的切口.除此之外,手术的恢复期也很长.
近年来,一项被称为"锁眼切口手术"的外科手术技术变得更加普遍.总体而言,这种手术将在手术所要实施的区域周围划开几个小伤口.手术软管被推进这些伤口的小孔中,并且一个叫做内窥镜的微型摄像头被置于体内.这个摄像头和一个在放置好的大型操控屏幕连接,这样医生就可以在实施手术时了解摄像头的位置.
今天其他技术领域的进步成果也在手术中得到应用.一个被称作达芬奇手术系统的新机器在美国的医院中已经得到试验.不同于锁眼切口手术,达芬奇手术系统的机器人运动部件被设计出来以模仿手术中的自然人的手部和腕部动作,因此就为手术提供了更优质的控制性和敏感性.这个系统由来自控制台的外科医生控制.坐在距离患者只有几英尺的控制台前,外科医生能够通过控制并移动高度敏感的、使他能操控手术工具的操作板来实施手术.
尽管达芬奇手术系统正在接受一些程序方法上的试验修改,它已经被外科医生认为是具有革命性的成果受到欢迎.患有严重疾病的患者仍然必须承受大手术,但更小的伤口和伤口扩散性不强的手术通常意味着所需的手术恢复期更短了.在一些病例中,当采用达芬奇手术系统时患者在医院的停留时间已经削减了一半.不利的一面在于一些手术比以往多花了五十分钟因为一些外科医生在使用新技术方面还缺少经验.随着外科医生熟悉这些机器,手术时间可能会有所减少
解答 72-75 BCCD
72.B 细节理解题 根据第一段第一句Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient's body in order to gain access to the internal organs,可知,传统外科手术需要外科医生在患者身体上开刀划开一个很大的伤口,故答案为B
73.C 细节理解题 第二段The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say,if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left,he or she must push it to the right.可知,这种手术的缺点是医生进行手术时手术器具运行方向是相反的,故答案为C
74.C 细节理解题 根据Unlike keyhole surgery,the da Vinci's robot's moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon,thus providing better control and sensitivity.可知,达芬奇手术系统提供了更优质的控制性和敏感性.故答案为C
75.D 主旨大意题 通读全文可知,本文主要谈论了现代外科手术方面一项新技术的运用,故答案为D
点评 本题主要考查学生对文章的细节理解能力,该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种.直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义.
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