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    13．People with disabilities make up a large part of the population．It is estimated（估计） that over 35 million Americans have physical，mental，or other disabilities．About half of these disabilities are"developmental"，i．e．，they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday，often from genetic conditions，and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development，such as mobility，communication，employment，etc．Most other disabilities are considered"adventitious"，i．e．，accidental or caused by outside forces．
    Prior to the 20th century，only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food，shelter，and medical treatment．Unfortunately，these basics are often not available．Civil liberties such as the right to vote，marry，get an education，and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability．
    In recent decades，the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反，侵犯）of civil rights．Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes．
    Still today，people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently．It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed，and a majority of those who do work are underemployed．About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level．
    Significant barriers，especially in transportation and public awareness，prevent disabled people from taking part in society．For example，while no longer prohibited by law from marrying，a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships．
    Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society．
    1．A"developmental"disabilityB．
    A．develops very slowly over time      
    B．occurs in youth and affects development
    C．is caused by forces                
    D．is getting more and more severe
    2．Most disabled people used to die early becauseB．
    A．disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   
    B．medical techniques were not available 
    C．they were not very well looked after
    D．they were too poor to get proper treatment
    3．In the author's opinion，to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society，D．
    A．more laws should be passed           
    B．more public facilities should be set up
    C．government should provide more aids   
    D．public attitudes should be changed
    4．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage？B
    A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life．
    B．Discriminatory（带歧视性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others．
    C．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people．
    D．The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them．
    5．The best title for this passage might beA．
    A．Handicaps（障碍）of People with Disabilities
    B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled
    C．The Causes for Disabilities
    D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了残疾人在社会上遭遇的不公，还有怎么解决类似问题．

    解答 1．B．细节理解题；从第一段对developmental"disability 的定义：About half of these disabilities are"developmental"，i．e．，they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday，often from genetic conditions，and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development，可知发展性"残疾造成了青年发展的影响；故选B．
    2．B．细节理解题：从第二段的句子：only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．可知大多数残疾人早就死了，因为医疗技术不可用；故选B．
    3．D．细节理解题：从最后一句话：Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society可知作者认为，改变态度使残疾人能够在社会上获得应有的地位；故选D．
    4．B．细节理解题．根据文章可知许多残疾人终生都单身，公众倾向于看不起残疾人，残疾人觉得不如（低于）周围的那些人；故选B．
    5．A．主旨大意题：从文章第一段People with disabilities make up a large part of the population可知最好的标题是残疾人的障碍；故选A．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：填空题

    3．No one knows for sure when a fire will happen，so it is  （56）extremely （extreme） necessary to make preparations before a fire starts．Check the fire escape equipment in advance and make sure that you can find （57）it in the dark when lights have failed．Find out （58）Wherethe nearest fire extinguisher（灭火器） is and read the instructions to learn how  （59）to use（ use） it．
    Don't lose your head when a fire breaks out．First，telephone the fire department immediately when  （60）the  fire just gets started．Take care not to be overcome by smoke，（61）which can kill you quickly．Cover your mouth （62）with a wet towel or cloth，and avoid getting into the smoke．Don't get in an elevator，as you may get trapped if the electricity  （63）fails （fail）．If you can not get away （64）by yourself，it is of great importance to hang something out of the window to attract attention as a sign of asking for help．
    In short，if you make preparations before hand and take precautions（预防措施） during the fire，chances are that （65）youwill survive in case of a fire if it really breaks out some day．

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