精英家教网 > 高中英语 > 题目详情
6.In the 1990s,when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year,Brazil was the world's environmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places.Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade.If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005,an extra 3.2billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere.That is an amount equal to a year's emissions from the European Union.Arguably,then,Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.
But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)?The answer,according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans,better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.
The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004.This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions.The Brazilian Forest Code said that,on every farm in the Amazon,80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve.As the study observes,this share was so high that the code could not be followed-or enforced.This was the period of the worst deforestation.Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.
During the second stage,which ran from 2005to 2009,the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon.Brazil's president made stopping deforestation a priority,which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government.The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.
The third stage,which began in 2009,was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued.The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these).Farmers in the 36counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.
By any standards,Brazil's Amazon policy has been a success,made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards,which might have been expected to have worked better.Over the period of the study,Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower,so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest.Moreover,the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures.Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things,so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways,too.Deforestation has been slowed,but not yet stopped.

73.Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change becauseC.
A.it has rainforest as large as Belgium
B.it has cut down too much rainforest
C.it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D.it sent 3.2billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air
74.The underlined phrase"silver bullet"in Paragraph 2most probably refers toB.
A.a powerful weapon       B.an effective solution
C.an intelligent device   D.a golden opportunity
75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?D
A.80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.
B.Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C.The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D.The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76.What can we infer from the last paragraph?C
A.Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.
B.All the farmers care much about forest protection.
C.Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.
D.Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77.What can be the best title of the passage?A
A.Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B.Brazil,the World Leader in Farming
C.Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D.Former Awareness Working Wonders.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了巴西政府通过三个阶段有效的减少了森林砍伐现象,从之前砍伐森林的环境破坏者变成了现在世界气候变化的突出保护者,然而问题也并没有完全解除,小佃农们的问题还有待解决.

解答 73.C.细节理解题.根据文章第一段"Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade",政府数据显示,过去的十年中,巴西亚马逊地区的森林砍伐减少了70%,可知他已采取行动减少森林砍伐;故选C.
74.B.词义推测题.该短语出现在第二段,文意为巴西之所以能有效控制森林砍伐,不是由于silver bullet,而是采取了三个阶段逐步达成的;故选C.
75.D.推理判断题,根据文章第五段"The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these)"政府把重点从农场转移到了各个郡(每个州都有很多这样的地方),可知政府扩大监管范围;故选D.
76.C.推理判断题,根据文章最后一段"Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things",大部分剩余的雨林现在由小佃农看护,而这些人对法律和市场知之甚少,可知小农场持有者很让巴西政府头疼;故选C.
77.A.主旨大意题.通读全文,全文是关于巴西政府通过三个阶段有效的减少了森林砍伐现象,因此主要内容为减少森林砍伐;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

练习册系列答案
相关习题

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:选择题

16.After     the advantages and the disadvantages,he accepted the task.(  )
A.matchingB.observingC.balancingD.examining

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:选择题

17.-Have you ever read the science fiction Monster from the Moon?
-Not yet,but I          .(  )
A.expect soB.expect notC.don't expectD.expect to

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:选择题

14.---Did you receive the letter the next day?
---No.Somehow,it was three weeks__________ I received it.(  )
A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.before

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:填空题

1.The truth(61)thattrees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food,wood and most(62)importantly(importance),oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this list-blocking out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery(63)was made(make) by a team consisting of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a(64)natural(nature) water filter(过滤器)-one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.
The(65)researchers(research),led by Professor Rohit Karnik,decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through,while(66)blocking (block) out air bubbles.
They began by cutting 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through.(67)Totheir amazement,they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.(68)Encouraged(encourage),the team conducted(69)anotherexperiment,this time with water(70)thatcontained bacteria.Sure enough,the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria,allowing only 1% to flow through.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:填空题

11.Keeping a diary in English is an (61)effective(effect) way to improve our English writing ability.
(62)Compared(compare) with other forms of writing,it is shorter and takes (63)less(little) time.It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English.If we persist in this practice,gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English.In keeping a diary in English,we certainly run up against many (64)difficulties(difficulty).In the first place,(65)it often happens that we have trouble (66)finding(find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind.Secondly,there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese.And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English (67)properly (proper).
As far as I (68)am concerned (concern),my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.(69)If something beats us,we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary.We can also turn to our English teacher for help,if necessary.In short,I believe that it is (70)of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解

5.Researchers may have discovered a perfect material of dieting----low fat cake and cheese.
British researchers say they have created a protein (蛋白质) that fat perfectly.
The proteins will enable food producers to remove much of the fat used in their products but without reducing product quality.
Funded by team from University of Edinburgh,the researchers have produced the modified (调整了的) proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production.
"We've paved the way for the development of modified proteins that can be used to produce a wider ranger of appealing low-fat foods,"said Dr.Steve Euston,who led the research.
"The result could be important for health benefits,as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems."
Protein-for-fat substitution (替代品) is not a completely new idea,but to date it has been limited to products such as yogurts.
In cheeses and cakes it has proved less successful in ensuring the original taste and texture fundamental to consumer satisfaction,mainly because proteins could not mimic the behavior of fats closely enough.
By studying the proteins'chemical structure,the team has developed a detailed understanding of how proteins behave when they are heated or go through other food producing processes.
The proteins could encourage development of a wider choice of low-fat foods,helping consumers to eat more healthily and reducing weight-related health problems.
The team has achieved particularly promising results in using proteins to replace eggs,which is commonly used in bakery items.
Such substitution not only cuts fat content; because eggs can be subject to sharp changes in price,it could also cut the cost products and so encourage consumers to eat more healthily.

47.What can we learn from the passage?A
A.The NHS will benefit from this new finding.
B.the research team is funded by food producers.
C.Protein for fat substitution is a completely new idea.
D.Products of modified proteins have been put on sale.
48.The underlined word"mimic"meansD
A.reduces 
B.makes 
C.removes 
D.imitates
49.These new proteins work nearly the same as the fats do becauseB.
A.they will cut fat content easily 
B.they will break down easily
C.their products are cheaper and healthier 
D.they ensure the original taste and texture.
50.Which of the following is best title?A
A.A Special Protein 
B.How Proteins Work
C.Cut down the Food Cost 
D.A special Research Team.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解

2.Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength.This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus,but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to"hot up"and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox,who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health,explains:"The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal."
"We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies."
Professor Roger Hewson,leading the study from Public Health England,Porton Down,said:"Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa."
"Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists'skills to close this knowledge gap."
Professor Miles Carroll,a co-author of the work,said:"This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak."
29.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?C
A.How severe Ebola virus is.
B.How Ebola virus spreads.
C.How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D.What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
30.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?B
A.In the first stage,the virus hurts its victims much.
B.As the virus spreads,it'll change and become more and more deadly.
C.The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D.The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
31.The underlined word"fatal"has the closest meaning toB.
A.optimistic   B.deadly    C.common   D.fantastic
32.Where can we probably read this passage?A
A.In a science report.
B.In a storybook.
C.In an advertisement.
D.In a textbook.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解

3.In the Central Valley of California,farmers are reducing crop size because they do not have enough water.Last year,California had the least amount of rain since officials began keeping records.And it may be just as bad this year.
    Reservoirs are areas where water is stored.In California,some reservoirs are empty.The amount of snow in the Sierra Mountains is 75 percent below normal.This mountain snow melts in the spring and fills rivers.The water is used by farmers.But now,farmers are warning of the possibility of another"Dust Bowl,"like the one of the l930s.Severe droughts and dust storms covered American farmlands and few crops grew.
    Dan Errotabere is a third generation California farmer.He grows tomatoes,walnuts,garlic  and other crops in Fresno County.He says the federal agency that controls the amount of water released from dams and rivers has stopped giving him water.He and other farmers say officials are not correctly administering the water system."The last couple of years-dry years,along with severe environmental restrictions--has now presented us with a zero allocation year,''said he.
    Farmers may not be able to plant crops on more than 200,000 hectares of farmland in the Central Valley this spring.Mr.Errotabere will plant crops on just 80 percent of his farmland.He has enough work for only l5 of his 25 workers.
    Federal and state officials sometimes reduce the amount of water to farmers even in years with normal rainfall levels.The officials must supply water to the Sacramento River Delta which is home to several endangered species.
    Long-term solutions include conservation,recycling waste water and,building"desalinization (脱盐) centers."These centers remove salt from seawater so it can be used on farms.Farmers say better administration of the state's water system could also help solve the crisis.

51.The farmers in California grow fewer crops due toA.
A.water shortage          B.water pollution
C.government policy       D.species protection
52.There is no water in some reservoirs becauseD.
A.snow didn't melt in time    
B.dust storms covered them
C.water supply was cut off   
D.the snowfall dropped sharply
53.What do we know about Dan Errotabere?A
A.He isn't content with the officials in charge of water system.
B.He can do nothing but ask for help from the government.
C.He has to employ more workers to work for him.
D.He plans to cut down the majority of his crops.
54.The underlined word"it''in the last paragraph refers toB.
A.salt    B.seawater    C.waste water   D.desalinization
55.What's the main idea of the text?C
A.Annual rainfall in California decreases.
B.Water use in California is not reasonable.
C.Lack of water affects Californian crops.
D.Action is taken to rid drought in California.

查看答案和解析>>

同步练习册答案