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         Is there a nationwide shortage of nurses? It's hard to say. However, some characteristic symptoms
    often indicate that there is indeed a shortage.
         One symptom is the vacancy rate, or the percentage of budgeted positions that are unfilled. New
    England's hospitals currently report that an average of 7 to 12 percent of their registered nurse positions
    are vacant, the highest level since the last shortage in the late 1980s. Vermont has a relatively low
    vacancy rate, at 7.8 percent. But its vacancies were at 1.2 percent just five years ago.
         Another symptom is the increased use of stopgap measures to fill empty positions. For instance, many
    nurses report an upswing in how frequently they are asked to stay past their shifts. According to Murphy, working in the St. Elizabeth's Hospital, "The shortage has definitely created a lot of opportunities of
    overtime for our nurses, whether they want them or not." Similarly, a national survey of registered nurses
    shows that in an average week, nurses in the U.S. work 2.4 more hours than they are scheduled to.
    Much of this extra time is voluntary, as nurses earn overtime pay when they stay to fill in blanks in the
    schedule.
         When they can't fill open positions by more traditional means, health care providers hire temporary
    staff to tide them over. Travelling workers are the largest part of the temporary health care workforce,
    hired for thirteen-week reduction at health care facilities facing short-term lack of workers. Temporary
    workers, mainly nurses, cost hospitals $ 7.2 billion in 2000.
         "Any successful solution to the shortage depends on convincing more people to become nurses, and
    that is not an easy goal to reach. To achieve it," says Buerhaus, "society needs to place more value on
    nursing. Legislation (法规) can't do that - it should come from people." And if this continues, we might
    have to learn to care for ourselves in the hospital.
    1.The temporary staff hired by a hospital _______.
    A. cost a large part of the hospital's budget
    B. meet the need for nurses in the hospital for a short time
    C. should work on a weekly basis and on a scheduled timetable  
    D. ought to work passively for thirty continuous weeks
    2. According to Buerhaus, what is a successful solution to the nurse shortage?  
    A. To convince people of the benefits of being a nurse.
    B. To ask the government for help to work out specific legislation.
    C. To publicize the past achievements of nurses.
    D. To make people aware of the importance of being a nurse.
    3. What's the probable meaning of the underlined word "upswing" in Paragraph 3?
    A. Symptom    
    B. Decrease        
    C. Increase      
    D. Figure
    4. What's the author's attitude towards nurse shortage?
    A. Worried    
    B. Indifferent        
    C. Doubtful          
    D. Optimistic
    1-4: BDCA
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    科目：高中英语 来源：导学大课堂必修四英语北师版 北师版 题型：050

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    IS THERE LIFE ON EARTH

    　　There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week．For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since．

    　　The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan(named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof．Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20000 light years ago)．

    　　Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility(可行性)of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth．A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology．

    　　“We have come to the conclusion, based on last week’s satellite landing, ”Pro．Zog said, “that there is no life on the Earth．”

    　　“How do you know this?” the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked．

    　　“For one thing, Earth’s surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete(混凝土)and nothing can grow there．For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide(一氧化碳)and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive．”

    　　“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”

    　　“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned．”

    　　“Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studies?”

    　　“Take a look at this photo．You see this ?dark black cloud? hovering over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt．We don’t know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there．”

    　　“If what you say is true, won’t this set back the flying saucer program several years?”

    　　“Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds．”

    　　“Prof．Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?”

    　　“Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere．”

    (1)

    During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information as to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth

    B．

    the possibility of making a first-rate flying saucer

    C．

    the possibility of sending a Venus Being to Earth

    D．

    the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan

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    According to Prof．Zog, the Venusians will have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because ________．

    [　　]

    A．

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    B．

    the Earth’s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases

    C．

    oxygen is far from enough in the area of Manhattan where the saucer is to land

    D．

    there is no air on the planet of Earth

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    The “dark black cloud” on the photograph alludes to(暗指)________．

    [　　]

    A．

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    B．

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    C．

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    D．

    the dark clouds gathering before a storm breaks

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    The author wishes to call our attention to the fact ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    that modern man has polluted his environment to such an extent that he might destroy himself if he went on like this

    B．

    that there is no point in spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth

    C．

    that pollution has become so serious a problem on Earth that even Venusians find life there unbearable

    D．

    that it is difficult, if not altogether impossible, to land a manned flying saucer on Earth

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    The tone of this essay is ________．

    [　　]

    A．

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    B．

    serious and thought-provoking(发人深省的)

    C．

    humorous and satirical(讽刺的)

    D．

    sentimental(感伤的)yet philosophical(富有哲理的)

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    科目：高中英语 来源：浙江省苍南县宜山高级中学2010－2011学年高二开学考试英语试题 题型：050

    阅读理解

    IS IT TIME TO GET－MP3

    　　Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time．Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC if they're in the MP3 format．

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    How can you get Mp3 music?

    [　　]

    A．

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    B．

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    C．

    By copying songs to a PC through the speakers．

    D．

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    Which is NOT true according to the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

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    [　　]

    A．

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    阅读理解

         Is early childhood education really necessary?Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning
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    阅读理解
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         __3   .
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