Question

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What’s more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn’s energy. It’s clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child’s body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body’s cells for their own reproduction. And then there’s the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________
小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the  IQ list.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
___________                                                              
小题4:What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
　　________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

小题1:Why do IQ scores vary by nation? / Why do IQ scores vary from nation to nation? / Different IQ between nations may result from infectious diseases.
小题1:highest disease burdens
小题1:in several ways
小题1:Education, income and non-agricultural labor.
小题1:National disease burdens and average intelligence scores.

小题1:主旨题：从文章最后一段的句子：intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.可知答案是：Why do IQ scores vary by nation? / Why do IQ scores vary from nation to nation? / Different IQ between nations may result from infectious diseases.国家之间不同的智商会导致感染疾病的不同。
小题1:细节题：从最后一段的句子：The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. highest disease burdens可知智力最低的国家感染疾病的机会越高。
小题1:推理题：从后面的内容：可知疾病威胁大脑发展是以几种方式。填in several ways
小题1:从文章第一段的句子：including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor.可知答案是Education, income and non-agricultural labor.
小题1:从前面的句子："disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores,可知答案是National disease burdens and average intelligence scores.