分析 只有通过参与志愿者活动才能有效地增强中学生服务大众的责任感.
解答 答案:Only by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively.考查Only引导状语位于句首,主句用倒装.
Only引导状语by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community,主句can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively.用部分倒装.involving…in 表示"参与";be enhanced/strengthened/improved 是主句的谓语动词,表示"被增强"
点评 考查汉译英.
部分倒装是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动或情态动词置于主语之前.
1、否定副词如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,以及含有no,not的短语放在句首时,句子要部分倒装.
①Never in my life have I heard such a thing.
②Little did we expect that he could come.
③Not a single word did he say at the meeting.
④By no means should we do like this.
注意:如上述句子中的否定副词不置于句首时,句子结构不倒装.
2、以否定词开头的关联结构
注意:No sooner…than…,Hardly/scarcely…when…,Not only…but also,Not until…
①Not until late in the evening did he come back.
②Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.
③Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house.
注意:No sooner…than…;hardly…when;not only…but also这类句型,只将前半部分倒装,后半部分用正常语序.
3、当only置于句首修饰状语时,句子要部分倒装.
①Only in this way can we learn English well.
②Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
4、so,neither,nor在句首表示"也"或"也不"句子要部分倒装.
①Tom is very kind.So am I.
②I like English.So does Jack.
③I can't speak English.Nor/Neither can he.
注意:so 后主、谓语不倒装表示前面所述内容的肯定、确定.
试比较:
Tom is very kind.So am I.(两个人,一样情形)
Tom is very kind.So he is.(一个人,一种情形)
汤姆非常和蔼.他就是如此.
5、由as/though引导的让步状语从句,从句形成倒装.
①Child as he was,he could speak five languages.
②Hard as he work,you can't support your family.
③Try as you do,you will ever win.
注意:表语为单数名词时,不定冠词"a"应被省去.
She-maker as he was,he was very happy.
6、so…that/such…that句型中so,such 位于句首时,句子要部分倒装.
①So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
7、省略了if 的虚拟条件从句中,主谓形成了部分倒装(虚拟语气的条件句中,省略 if 后,had,were,should等应提前)
①Had you told me earlier,I could have done something.
②Should anyone call,tell him to call in the afternoon.
③Were I you,I would try it again.
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