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A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 1 of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  2  on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   3  for truth.  He always  4   ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of    5   science may perhaps be considered to    6  as far back as the    7   of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    8   the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    9   to suggest that we must learn science    10   observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    11  many important discoveries.
Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     12   in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    13   to show how many important    14   could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    15   towards the earth than small ones,     16   Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    17    of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two  18   stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    19   of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    20   and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      use
    2. B.
      time
    3. C.
      speed
    4. D.
      trust
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      worked
    2. B.
      based
    3. C.
      lived
    4. D.
      written
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      reason
    2. B.
      cause
    3. C.
      advice
    4. D.
      result
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      thinks
    2. B.
      checks
    3. C.
      has
    4. D.
      learn
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      natural
    2. B.
      physical
    3. C.
      ancient
    4. D.
      modern
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      date
    2. B.
      keep
    3. C.
      look
    4. D.
      take
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      study
    2. B.
      time
    3. C.
      year
    4. D.
      birth
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      both
    2. B.
      each
    3. C.
      between
    4. D.
      among
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      Schools
    2. B.
      Ages
    3. C.
      Days
    4. D.
      Count
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      in
    2. B.
      with
    3. C.
      on
    4. D.
      by
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      did
    2. B.
      made
    3. C.
      took
    4. D.
      gave
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      who
    2. B.
      when
    3. C.
      that
    4. D.
      where
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      ways
    2. B.
      degrees
    3. C.
      levels
    4. D.
      chance
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      truths
    2. B.
      problems
    3. C.
      people
    4. D.
      subjects
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      slowly
    2. B.
      rapidly
    3. C.
      lightly
    4. D.
      heavily
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      although
    2. B.
      because
    3. C.
      when
    4. D.
      If
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      place
    2. B.
      foot
    3. C.
      top
    4. D.
      ceiling
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      big
    2. B.
      small
    3. C.
      equal
    4. D.
      unequal
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      spirit
    2. B.
      skill
    3. C.
      theory
    4. D.
      discovery
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      plans
    2. B.
      opinions
    3. C.
      world
    4. D.
      ability
ABABD ABCBB BABAB BCDAB
试题分析:本文主要以某些科学家他们的做法为例来说明观察和实验在科学发现中的重要性,科学真理必须以事实为根据,必须通过实践来检验。
1.考查名词及语境的理解。 A. use 使用;B.time时间;C.speed速度;D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用;make full use of 充分利用。根据A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他观察到的任何事实,故选A。
2.考查动词及语境的理解。A. worked 工作;B.based基础;C.lived 居住;D.written写。be based on/upon 以……为基础;基于…….根据He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事实为依据(be based on/upon)的观点,故选B。
3.考查名词及语境的理解。A.  reason原因;B.cause原因;C.advice建议;D.result结果。reason 能够对一个事物的发生或它的性质作出解释的东西;它与for连用;cause 是导致一个事物发生的条件或原因。它与 of连用.根据句子意思,是指“不能接受某种权威来说明真理的合法性”,应用reason。故选A。
4.考查动词及语境的理解。A. thinks认为;B.checks 检查;C.has 有;D.learn学会。check. v. 证明无误, 核对无误。意思最恰当。他总是要检查一下这个观点并且做很多实验来证明它,故选B。
5.考查形容词及语境的理解。A. natural 自然的;B.physical 物理的;C.ancient古代的;D.modern现代的。根据最后一句话中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“现代科学”,此处选modern意思最恰当。故选D。
6.考查动词及语境的理解。 A. date日期;date back 词组,意为“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持;C.look 看;D.take拿。现代科学的时代最远能追溯到(date back)培根时代,故选A。
7.考查名词及语境的理解。 A. study 学习;B.time n. 这里指“时代,年代”。C. year 年;D.birth出生。现代科学的时代最远能追溯到(date back)培根时代(time),故选B。
8.考查代词及语境的理解。A.  both  两者都;B.each每个;C.between与and连用,表示“在……和……之间”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期间,故选C。
9.考查名词及语境的理解。A. Schools学校; B.Ages,The Middle Ages n.中世纪;中古时代,专有名词。C.Days天;D.Count计数;他可能是中古时代(he Middle Ages)的第一个让我们通过对我们周围事物的观察和实验来学科学,故选B。
10.考查介词及语境的理解。by + doing 表示“通过做……(的途径)”,惯用法;with + sth 表示“用……(来做……)”。他可能是中古时代的第一个让我们通过对我们周围事物的观察和实验来学科学,故选B。
11.考查动词及语境的理解。make, do 与名词有固定搭配关系:do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…;make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…这里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的发现,故选B。
12.考查连词及语境的理解。 A. who引导定语从句修饰 great men ; B.when在定语从句中只能作状语;C.that 不能引导非限制性定语从句; D.where在定语从句中只能作状语;根据句意故选 A。
13.考查名词及语境的理解。A. ways 方法;B.degrees, by degrees 词组,相当于副词,意为:逐渐地。C.levels 水平;D.chance机会。伽利略逐渐地显示出通过观察而得到的事实是多么地重要,故选B。
14.考查名词及语境的理解。 A. truths 事实;B.problems问题;C. people人们; D. subjects学科。根据上文意思,He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts应为:truths. 事实, 真理, 原理,故选A。
15.考查副词及语境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地;B.rapidly迅速地; C.lightly轻轻地; D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快,迅速地。意思最恰当。根据常识在伽利略以前有学问的科学家都认为大的物体比小的物体落地要快,故选B。
16.考查连词及语境的理解。A.  although 尽管;B.because因为; C.when当……时候; D.If如果。根据句子意思,应为because conj. 因为在伽利略以前有学问的科学家都认为大的物体比小的物体落地要快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的,故选 B。
17.考查名词及语境的理解。 A.  place地方;B. foot脚; C. top顶部;D. ceiling天花板。根据常识但是伽利略走到比萨的斜塔的顶部,拿着两个不等重量的石头,要证明亚里士多德是错误的,故选C。
18.考查形容词及语境的理解。A. big大的;B. small小的; C. equal相等的;D.unequal不等的。根据上文Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more        towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必须拿着不同大小的球做实验来证明,故选D。
19.考查名词及语境的理解。A. spirit精神;B. skill 技术; C. theory 理论;D. discovery发现。spirit of going direct to Nature对自然不断探索的精神。 science spirit 科学精神;world spirit时代精神, 世界潮流。根据上文可知伽利略对自然不断探索的精神,故选A。
20.考查名词及语境的理解。A. plans计划; B. opinions 意为“观点”,“通过实验证明我们的观点和理论”。 C. world世界; D. ability 能力。通过实验来证明我们的观点和理论,从而导致了现代科学的出现,故选B。 
考点:科普类短文。
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  1. 1.

    Why did Leila lie under her car on the stomach?

    1. A.
      Because she wanted to sleep
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      Because it’s easy to see the elephants
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    How can photograpers take good photos?

    1. A.
      By making good preparation
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    Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?

    1. A.
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    3. C.
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    What can we know from the underlined sentence?

    1. A.
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