Gray hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going gray is not associated with earlier death, and premature graying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adults. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with gray or white hair, but for most of us, going gray is just a fact of life.
Hair color comes from the pigment melanin(黑色素), which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyone's lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing color. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cell death occurs.
A study of more than 4,000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some gray hair. In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans. It's interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no gray hair by retirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having gray hair go up 10-20% per decade.
It may feel like you have more grays after a stressful event, but that's probably because middle age is basically a series of anxiety-ridden events. Between working, raising kids, and caring for older parents, the "sandwich" years of 45-65 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also when we naturally start to look older.
At this point, there is still no silver bullet to keep away the grays.
1.What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Going gray. B. Tips to make hair color last
C. Why does hair turn gray? D. Gray hair is in fashion.
2.Which of the following is a true statement according to the passage?
A. Scientists have found out how to prevent hair from turning gray.
B. Europeans are more likely to gray than Asians and Africans.
C. Gray hair means poor health or a sign of illness.
D. Everyone will inevitably get gray hair by retirement age.
3.Which is not among the reasons for hair turning gray according to the passage?
A. Being physically weak. B. Stress from different sides.
C. Death of melanocyte cell. D. Genetic factors.
4.What does “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Make-up B. Scientific research. C. Chemical weapon. D. Cure.
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.D
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了为什么人的头发会变白。这是自然老化的过程、与基因有关，还和黑色素的分泌的多少有关，黑色素越少，头发越白。通过研究20多个国家的4000多男性和女性可知，有年龄原因也有地域原因。生活压力大也是原因之一。
1.主题归纳题。根据全文尤其是文章的第一句话判断，文章是在讲头发变白的应用。所以选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段的In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans.可知：欧洲人早于亚洲人和非洲人头发变花白。B
3.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，银发是一个正常老化的过程，头发变白由基因已经决定了的。与早亡无关，少白头也不是生病或者身体不舒服的标志。所以选A（身体虚弱）。
4.词义推测题。根据最后一段的意思可知：人在45-65之间压力很大，尤其是妇女，还有自然的老化问题。所以选D（治愈）。其他选项的意思是：Make-up化妆；Scientific research.科学研究；Chemical weapon.化学武器。
考点：科普类阅读。
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One cold January evening in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, America, I went with my father on an oil burner service call. My father was in his forties at that time and I was about twelve years old. He was always working hard trying to support us seven kids. I enjoyed hanging out with him whenever I could — he taught me so much.
We arrived at the call and after walking over snow and ice, we knocked on the customer’s door. A senior citizen opened the door and let us into her very cold home. She was wearing an old, worn-out brown coat that went down to her knees. On her head, covering her gray hair, was an old and worn hat. The home wasn’t furnished very well and was quite dark, except for a single light bulb over the dining room table. Below the light was an older man counting change from several old coffee cans. He looked up at us as we passed by to get to the kitchen where my dad would fix the oil burner. He didn’t say anything. He just looked up at us. He couldn’t speak English, nor could his wife. She only pointed to the kitchen and smiled at us.
After a short while, my father had the heater up and running, and it began to heat their cold home. The lady asked my dad in poor English how much she owed him for fixing the heater. My dad looked around the house and said that he had to go out to the truck and write the bill.
Once in the truck he marked the bill “no answer at home, no charge”, so they wouldn’t be charged for his work. He looked over at me and said, “He was counting his change to pay me. They need their money more than I do.”
As usual, my father taught me something important that time, which was to be kind to the poor.
According to Paragraph 1, we know that the writer’s father .
A. often taught the writer how to work
B. worked several jobs at the same time
C. had a very big family to support
D. brought up his children alone
The description in Paragraph 2 shows that the old couple .
A. had no job
B. led a very poor life
C. didn’t know how to save money
D. were not very friendly to strangers
What can we infer from the passage?
A. The old couple had no children in America.
B. The old man didn’t plan to pay money.
C. The old woman felt very embarrassed all the time.
D. The old couple were not native Americans.
The writer’s father didn’t charge for his work because .
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C. he was not satisfied with his work
D. he wanted to set a good example to others
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写作内容：
假如你是李华，在美国留学。你母亲今天下午要从国内来看你，但你凑巧要去做个讲座，故给你的朋友Peter留下字条请他下午三点半去机场接你母亲。因Peter未见过你母亲，请根据下表在字条中描述你母亲的特征以便他辨认。
|
age |
around sixty |
|
appearance |
fat, short, gray hair, a long face |
|
clothes |
a white blouse, brown trousers |
|
luggage |
a yellow suitcase |
写作要求：
1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容；
2．词数：100词左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
评分标准：
句子结构的准确性和复杂度；信息内容的完整性和连贯性。
Sunday
Peter,
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Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
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The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
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1.Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
A. Places where people lived.
B. People’s characters.
C. Talents that people possessed.
D. People’s occupations.
2.According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A. owned or drove a cart
B. made things with metals
C. made kitchen tools or contains
D. built houses and furniture
3.Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.
A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard Carter
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Then there’s “Grandmother”. I call her that because her name escapes me. In spite of being a grandmother, she looks rather young, not more than fifty, she’s on her way to visit a daughter who went to Australia some years ago. Naturally she is very excited at the thought of seeing her again, and her three grandchildren, whom she has never seen.
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64. What can we know about Mr. Stone?
A. He is a doctor in the army now.
B. He is going to give up his work.
C. He knows a lot about the city the author is going to.
D. He has been retired for many years.
65. The writer calls the second person “Grandmother” because_______.
A. she looks old B. She has three daughters
C. he respects her D. he can’t think of her name
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Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer． But there is one question that has millions of correct answers． That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct．
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents． Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used． Some parents choose the name of a well-known person． A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones．
Some people give their children names that mean good things． Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names． A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook （小溪）; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road． The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest．
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations． The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals． In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village． Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans．
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village． The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture．
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities． When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray． Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman． John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer．
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name． English-speaking people added –s or –son． The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert． Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O． Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell．
1.Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
|
A．Places where people lived． |
B．People’s characters． |
|
C．Talents that people possessed． |
D．People’s occupations． |
2.According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______．
|
A．owned or drove a cart |
B．made things with metals |
|
C．made kitchen tools or containers． |
D．built houses and furniture． |
3.Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________．
|
A．Beatrice Smith |
B．Leonard Carter |
|
C．George Longstreet |
D．Donald Greenwood |
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