Question

19．There are two kinds of memory：short-term and long-term．Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed．The information may be kept for days or weeks．However，information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds，usually by repeating the information over and over．The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied．
Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary．The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students．They represented all levels of ability in English：beginning，intermediate （中等），and native speaking students．
To begin，the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English．Following the recording，the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered．Each question had four choices．The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording，some of the questions had four choices that sound alike．For example，weather，whether，wither，and wetter are four words that sound alike．Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning．Method，way，manner，and system would be four words with the same meaning．Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test．
Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike； students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning．Henning's results suggest that beginning stud ents hold the sound of words in their short-term memory，and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory．
25．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？A
A．Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory．
B．Long-term memory can be achieved only by training．
C．It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory．
D．Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students．
26．From Henning's result we can see thatA．
A．beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words
B．advanced students always remember words by their meaning
C．it is difficult to remember words t hat sound alike
D．it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning
27．The word"subject"in the passage meansD．
A．memory                             
B．the theme of listening material
C．a branch of knowledge studied                  
D．the student experimented on
28．The passage centers onC．
A．memory                           
B．two kinds of memory  
C．short-term memory                  
D．an experiment on students．

Answer 1

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人类的短时间记忆以及Henning的不同程度英语学习者的记忆实验，结果发现，英语初学者会短期记忆单词的发音，而程度高的学生则是把单词的意义短期记忆．

解答 25．A．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"The information may be kept for days or weeks．However，information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds"长时记忆的信息可以保持数天或数周．然而，短时记忆中的信息只能保持几秒钟，可知短时记忆中的信息与长期记忆中的信息是不同的；故选A．
26．A．细节理解题．根据文章第四段"Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike"Henning发现，凡是英语熟练程度低的学生会在发音相同的单词上犯更多的错误；可知刚开始学英语的同学很难分清单词的发音；故选A．
27．D．词义猜测题．根据文章第二段"The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students"他实验的对象为75名大学生，可推测出subject是指参与实验的学生；故选D．
28．C．主旨大意题．通读全文，可知文章主要描述了一个记忆测试的实验，根据最终的结论初学生单词的声音保持短期记忆，而程度高的学生能把单词的意义短时记忆；可知文章的中心是短期记忆；故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做词义猜测题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．