Question

18．It is widely acknowledged that nearly every kid might come across some kind of school bullying，however，the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying （欺侮） could influence how strongly they are affected，suggests a new study．And，surprisingly，it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term．
Bullying can have long-lasting effects，but particularly when it begins in adolescence，the researchers say．People subjected to either verbal （ 口头的）or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression，anxiety disorders or to behave violently．But not everyone reacts in this way．
Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it，but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping．These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin，US．
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1，500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school．They assessed mood and mental state，judging by signs of anxiety or depression，such as sleeplessness．The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges，such as humiliation．
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress．But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation （煽动），people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence．
There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence，with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations．
The best solution in all cases was strong social support，whether from friends，family or school．Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most．
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on，suggests Newman．"They may get stressed，but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on．"
28．What determines the degree of bullying's effect on people according to the study？C
A．The reason why they are bullied．
B．The place where they are first bullied．
C．The age at which they are first bullied．
D．The person who first bullies them．
29．What may happen to those first bullied later on in adolescence according to Newman and his colleagues？A
A．Some are likely to be more aggressive．
B．They seem to easily get over the effect of bullying．
C．Most of them will respond to bullying normally．
D．Most of them are afraid of sharing their problems．
30．What does the underlined word"humiliation"in Paragraph 4 mean？B
A．Carrying out an important plan．B．Being made to feel ashamed．
C．Trying hard to survive an accident．D．Feeling hopeless in an emergency．
31．The sex differences between people bullied for the first time during adolescence are reflected in．C
A．the support they get from the society                   
B．the effect bullying has on them
C．the way they react to provocation                 
D．the type of bullying they receive．

Answer 1

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了孩子第一次受欺负的年龄对他们有着极其重大的影响，它决定了欺负对他们的影响程度，并且男女在面对羞辱会有不同的反应，因此最好不要在早期就庇护孩子，而是要给他们强有力的社会支持．

解答 28．C．推理判断题．根据文章第一段"the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying （欺侮） could influence how strongly they are affected，suggests a new study"一项新的研究表明，孩子第一次受欺负的年龄对他们有着极其重大的影响，可推测孩子第一次被欺负的年龄决定了欺负对人的影响程度；故选C．
29．A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段"but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping．"可知那些在青春期后第一次被欺负的人有些可能会变得更加积极；故选A．
30．B．词义推断题．根据文章第四段"The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1，500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school"球队给了问卷调查，近1500的大学生反应他们的经历生理和心理的欺凌--高中前青春期前和青春期后期和高中，可知该句句意为团队也会询问他们在收到挑战比如说羞辱时的反应，因此humiliation意为羞耻，耻辱；故选B．
31．C．细节理解题．根据文章第六段"with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations"被欺负的第一次在青春期之间的人，女性更可能作出积极的反应时，而男性更可能会转向酒精，以逃避恶劣的情况；因此差别在于他们面对挑衅的方式；故选C，

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．