Question

5．It's a brand new world-a world built around brands．Hard charging，noise making，culture shaping brands are everywhere．They're on supermarket shelves，of course，but also in business plans for dotcom startups and in the names of sports complexes．Brands are infiltrating（渗透）people's everyday lives-by sticking their logos on clothes，in concert programs，on subway station walls，even in elementary school classrooms．
We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air，in which Burger King and McDonald's open newsstands in elementary-school lunchrooms，in which schools like Stanford University are endowed with a Yahoo!Founders Chair．But as brands reach （and then overreach）into every aspect of our lives，the companies behind them invite more questions，deeper examination-and an inevitable backlash （强烈反应） by consumers．
"Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing-and that has real implications for citizenship，"says author and activist Naomi Klein．"It's important for any healthy culture to have public space-a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers．We've completely lost that space．"
Since the mid-1980s，as more and more companies have shiftedfrom being about products to being about ideas-Starbucks isn't selling coffee；it's selling community!-those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns．
To pay for those campaigns，those same companies figured out ways to cut costs else where-for example，by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries．Contract laborers are hired on a temporary，per-assignment basis，and employers have no obligation to provide any benefits（such as health insurance）or long-term job security．This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations．In the United States，contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs，which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary-even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families．
The massive expansionof marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums．This made those institutions much too willing，even eager，to partner with private companies．But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions，reaching too far，and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas．

31．What does the passage intend to tell us？D
A．The problems with current corporate practices．
B．The nature of current marketing campaigns and strategies．
C．The importance of brands in American culture．
D．The excessive presence of brands and marketing in people's lives．
32．What is Naomi Klein's attitude towards the infiltration of brands into public spaces？A
A．Concerned．B．Indifferent．C．Favorable．D．Optimistic．
33．The passage suggests that most contract laborers in the U．S．B．
A．pretend to be permanent workers
B．may have trouble supporting their families financially
C．have work conditions comparable to those of low-wage workers overseas
D．are likely to receive health benefits from their employers
34．We may infer from the last paragraph thatC．
A．inadequate federal funding facilitated the privatization of schools and museums
B．government reduced spending for schools and museums for their cooperation with companies
C．public institutions were only too anxious to accept corporate marketing as a source of funding
D．by the 1980s，very few public institutions were not being funded by corporations．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇现象解释型文章．文章开头先说明一种社会现象：充满商标的社会．第二、三进一步举例描述这一现象的普遍性及人们的反应．第四段举例介绍了这一现象出现的时间，紧接着第五段描述了这一现象带来的后果，最后一段解释了这一现象产生的原因及影响．

解答 31．D．主旨大意题．本题主要考查考生对文章大意的把握．文章开篇就点明主题：这是一个"world built around brands"；第二段通过对各类事实的列举（新闻主播穿着耐克牌夹克、麦当劳的餐点进入学校等）说明一些公司过火的市场营销，之后各段围绕此问题展开讨论，总结全文可知应选D项．
32．A．观点态度题．本题就第三段内容Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing-and that has real implications for citizenship，"says author and activist Naomi Klein提问．作家及行动主义者Naomi Klein 认为我们的公共空间已被市场营销所取代，而公共空间对于一个健康的文化是很重要的，由此可看出，他对该问题很关注，即选项A正确．
33．B．推理判断题．答题关键在于理解第五段的最后一句In the United States，contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs，which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary-even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families．文章就破折号后的内容提问．破折号后的内容意思为"尽管打这类工的人都是要设法养家糊口的人"，暗含的意思就是这些人养家糊口可能是有困难的，所以选项B正确．
34．C．推理判断题．首句It's a brand new world-a world built around brands．Hard charging，noise making，culture shaping brands are everywhere指出了在大规模营销活动扩大的同时，政府为学校和博物馆提供的资金减少了，后文接着提到这样导致了这些机构与私企的合作，而私人公司也利用了这一点，可见公共机构只是太急于接受企业的营销作为一个资金来源，故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．