Question

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.
The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned（分派）173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.

1. 1.
   The purpose of writing the passage is       .
   1. A.
      to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
   2. B.
      to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
   3. C.
      to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
   4. D.
      to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents
2. 2.
   The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “           ”.
   1. A.
      shoot from behind the back
   2. B.
      make a lire in the hackyard
   3. C.
      produce an unexpected result
   4. D.
      achieve what was planned
3. 3.
   According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
   1. A.
      Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
   2. B.
      It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
   3. C.
      Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
   4. D.
      Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
4. 4.
   How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?
   1. A.
      By comparison.
   2. B.
      By asking questions.
   3. C.
      By giving examples,
   4. D.
      By discussion.
5. 5.
   What can we learn from the last paragraph?
   1. A.
      Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
   2. B.
      Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.
   3. C.
      Children are difficult to inspire.
   4. D.
      Parents should give up verbal praise.

Answer 1

ACBAB
1.写作目的题。结合文章第一段内容可知：一项英国研究称，如果学龄前小孩不愿吃蔬菜，只要他们尝尝味道，就给他们一些小奖励，或许可以帮助小孩吃下原本不想吃的食物。
2.词义理解题。结合第二段内容可知：奖励会鼓励小孩吃蔬菜；但也会带来另一个“结果”:对原来喜欢的食物失去了兴趣。这是家长始料未及的。由此猜出划线单词的含义：an unexpected result。
3.细节理解题。结合the idea is actually controversial（有争议的）可知答案。
4.细节理解题。结合倒数第三段可知答案。一组：reward their children；一组：used verbal praise。比较这两组的结果得出的结论。
5.推理判断题。结合Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children可知答案。