3.Who Are Today's Immigrants?
The world's population is more mobile today than ever before.In 2010,more than 200million people left their home countries to live in a new country.This is about 3percent of the total world population.Some experts believe that number will swell to 400million by 2050.Rates of immigration have remained strong for the last 300years,but patters of immigration have changed since World War II.The backgrounds and experiences of today's immigrants are different from those of the typical European immigrant of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Contemporary immigrants range from unskilled laborers to highly skilled professionals,and they come from and go to countries all over the world.
In the nineteenth century and until World War II,immigration was primarily in one direction-from the Old World to the New World.This is no longer the case.Countries such as Russia and China,which have long been,and continue to be,significant source countries,are now also destination countries.There is also considerable mobility inside regions,such as from one European country to another,or among the countries of the former Soviet Union.
In spite of such differences,the push and pull factors for immigration remain essentially the same as they were 100years ago.Most people move to another country because they want a better life.For the majority of immigrants,this means better economic conditions.As in past generations,a labor shortage in one country often draws workers from another country,especially if wages are significantly higher.In some small countries,for example,Qatar,United Arab Emirates,and Kuwait,there are more jobs than citizens.The demand for labor is so high that the majority of the population consists of foreign-born workers,ranging from highly skilled engineers and financial experts to domestic and construction workers.
In traditional destination countries,such as the United States,however,labor needs have changed.Today,although there is still demand for unskilled labor,there is increasing demand for people with a high level of skill and education.The need for less skilled labor has shifted to other countries.As work on farms and in industry in the United States and Canada once drew workers from all over the world,now work in factories in Taiwan and south Korea attracts workers from Vietnam,the Philippines,and Cambodia.
Most global immigration is legal:however,a large number of people also move across national borders illegally in pursuit of employment.Experts estimate that about 15to 20percent of immigrants worldwide are in their new countries illegally.The United States has the largest number of these immigrants,followed by South Africa,with significant numbers also in Northern and Western Europe and Mexico.These immigrants face particular challenges because they often must hide from the authorities who might deport them back to their home countries.Their illegal status also means that employers may take advantage of them by forcing them to work longer hours and paying them less than the legal minimum wage.
Although economics remains the most important motivation in all forms of immigrant,other factors are also important.Some people decide to leave their home countries because their actions or political beliefs make it dangerous for them to remain.Others choose to leave because their home country has become too dangerous and unstable,often because of war or political unrest.They wish to find a place that is secure for themselves and their families.Education is also a significant factor for many modern immigrants.They want to raise their children in a place where they can get a good education,which,in turn,they hope will provide them with better prospects for the future.Finally,family and community ties also play a role in immigration decisions.As in the past,once a group of people from one country establishes a community in a new country,more people from that country is likely to follow.
The pattern,direction,and rate of immigration may change as the global economy changes.However,as long as life in a new country is more attractive than life in the old country,immigration will continue.
53.According to the reading,what are the patterns of immigration in China and Russia today?C
A.They are major destination countries for immigrants.
B.They are major source countries for immigration.
C.Many people leave these countries while many people also immigrate to them.
D.Some people immigrate to these countries but many more people leave them.
54.Why is the percentage of foreign-born workers so high in Kuwait,Qatar,and the United Arab Emirates?B
A.These countries pay very high wages,so they attract many foreign workers.
B.There are not enough native-born workers in these countries so they must recruit workers from other countries.
C.It is very easy to immigrate to these countries.
D.These countries are very stable so many workers prefer to go there.
55.Why do some employers sometimes pay illegal immigrants less than the legal minimum wage?C
A.They often do not speak good English.
B.Employers know that they will not complain about their wages to authorities.
C.Authorities might send illegal immigrants back to their home country.
D.Illegal workers often cause problems for employers.
56.Which is not the factor contributing to the immigration?B
A.Education
B.Religious freedom
C.Political unstability
D.Family and community connections.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了当今世界存在很多移民,全球大多数移民是合法的,但也存在非法移民,一旦被当局发现,就会被遣返回国.
解答 53.C.细节理解题.由第二段中的"Countries such as Russia and China,which have long been,and continue to be,significant source countries,are now also destination countries"可知,当前,在中国和俄罗斯,很多人移民到别的国家去,同时,又有很多人移民到这两个国家来.故C选项正确.
54.B.细节理解题.由第三段中的"As in past generations,a labor shortage in one country often draws workers from another country,especially if wages are significantly higher.In some small countries,for example,Qatar,United Arab Emirates,and Kuwait,there are more jobs than citizens.The demand for labor is so high that the majority of the population consists of foreign-born workers,ranging from highly skilled engineers and financial experts to domestic and construction workers"可知,这些国家缺乏劳动力,工资报酬高,所以吸引了大量外来工人.故B选项切题.
55.C.细节理解题.由倒数第三段中的"These immigrants face particular challenges because they often must hide from the authorities who might deport them back to their home countries.Their illegal status also means that employers may take advantage of them by forcing them to work longer hours and paying them less than the legal minimum wage"可知,这些非法移民一旦被当局发现,就会被遣返回国.一些雇主正是利用这一点,强迫这些非法移民多工作,少付给他们工资.C选项正确.
56.B.细节理解题.由最后一段可知,economics、actions or political beliefs、Education、Political instability、family and community ties都是造成移民的因素.故用排除法,B选项切题.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.