11．Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations．Self-confident people trust their own abilities，have a general sense of control in their lives，and believe that，within reason，they will be able to do what they wish，plan，and expect．Having self-confidence does not mean that individuals will be able to do everything．Self-confident people have expectations that are realistic．Even when some of their expectations are not met，they continue to be positive and to accept themselves．
People who are not self-confident depend too much on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves．They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure．They generally do not expect to be successful．They often put themselves down and tend to ignore compliments（赞美）paid to them By contrast，self-confident people are willing to risk the disapproval of others because they generally trust their own abilities．They tend to accept themselves；they don't feel they have to conform in order to be accepted．
Many factors affect the development of self-confidence．Parents'attitudes are crucial（关键性的） to children's feelings about themselves，particularly in children's early years．When parents provide acceptance，children receive a solid foundation for good feelings about themselves．If one or both parents are much to critical or demanding，or if they are overprotective and discourage children's moves toward independence，children may come to believe they are unqualified or inadequate．
Surprisingly，lack of self-confidence is not necessarily related to lack of ability．Instead it is o ften the result of focusing too much on the unrealistic expectations or standards of others，especially parents and society．Friends'influences can be as powerful or more powerful than those of parents and society in shaping feelings of one's self．Students in their college years reexamine values and develop their own identities and thus are particularly sensitive to the influence of friends．
25．Paragraph 1 mainly talks aboutD．
A．the sources of self-confidence
B．the lack of self-confidence
C．th e development of self-confidence
D．the benefits of self-confidence
26．According to the passage，self-confident people tend toD．
A．depend on others B．control others C．avoid risks D．be practical
27．Which of the following can we learn about self-confidence according to the passage？C
A．Self-confidence is usually the symbol of special abilities．
B．Parents'protection prevents children's self-confidence development．
C．Parents and friends matter in building one's self-confidence．
D．College students are the least self-confident group in society．
28．What might the author most probably continue to talk about in the following passage？A
A．What one should avoid in building self-confidence．
B．Lack of self-confident has many side effects．
C．What self-confident children usually get from parents．
D．How we can become more acceptable．
分析 本文主要介绍自信的好处，不自信带来的副作用，和朋友，父母在培养自信方面的作用．
解答 25--28 DDCA
25．D 主旨大意题．文章第一段主要讲了自信的好处，比如，自信的人相信自己的能力，能控制自己，做自己希望做的事情等．故选D．
26．D 细节理解题．根据第一段Self-confident people have expectations that are realistic．Even when some of their expectations are not met，they continue to be positive and to accept themselves．可知，自信的人是很实际的．故选D．
27．C 细节理解题．根据第三段Parents'attitudes are crucial to children's feelings about themselves，particularly in children's early years．和第四段Friends'influences can be as powerful or more powerful than those of parents and society in shaping feelings of one's self．可知，父母和朋友在培养孩子的自信方面起着重要作用．故选C．
28．A 推理判断题．根据第二段提到我们怎么能被接受和缺乏自信会有什么副作用，第三段提到自信的孩子从父母那里获得什么，文章还没有谈论培养自信要避免什么，下面应该探讨．故选A．
点评 历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一．这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等．这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上．
