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12.Scientists have discovered thirteen kinds of vitamins.They say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes within cells.If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food,we are at risk of developing a number of diseases.Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy?Let us look at some important vitamins.
Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil and the yellow part of eggs.
Vitamin B-1is also called thiamine.Thiamine changes starchy(含淀粉的)foods into energy.Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice,but also in beans and peas,nuts,and meat and fish.
Vitamin B-12is needed so folic acid can do its work.Together,they help produce red blood cells.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.Vitamin B-12is found naturally in foods like eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Vitamin B-12is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like legumes and citrus fruits (柑橘类水果).
Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.
Vitamin D prevents the children's bone disease rickets (佝偻病).Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.
Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding.It can also be found in pork products,liver and in vegetables like cabbage,kale and spinach (菠菜).
Vitamins are important to our health.A lack of required vitamins can lead to health problems.

28.What is the main idea of the passage?D
A.There are thirteen kinds of vitamins in total.
B.One can not live without enough vitamins.
C.Vitamins can carry out chemical changes within cells.
D.Enough vitamins are vital to keep healthy.
29.Women who wish to become mothers should take inC.
A.vitamin A      
B.vitamin B-1      
C.vitamin B-12      
D.vitamin C
30.What can change a substance in the skin into vitamin D?B
A.Fish liver oil.
B.Ultraviolet light from the sun.
C.Fresh milk drunk by people.
D.Doing a certain amount of exercise.
31.According to the passage,taking in enough vitamin C canC.
A.make our eyesight better             
B.help to stop bleeding
C.make our bones and teeth strong       
D.help produce red blood cells.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们们介绍了几种不同的维生素,告诉我们这些维生素对人体的不同作用,并向我们说明足够的维生素对保持健康是至关重要的.

解答 28.D  主旨大意题,通读全文可知本文中作者向我们介绍了几种维生素,并向我们说明足够的维生素对保持健康是至关重要的,故选D.
29.C  细节理解题,根据第四段Vitamin B-12is needed so folic acid can do its work.Together,they help produce red blood cells.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.可知维生素 B-12能帮助怀孕的母亲产生红血细胞,也能预防婴儿的身体问题,因此希望成为母亲的妇女应该摄入维生素 B-12,故选C.
30.B  细节理解题,根据第六段Vitamin D prevents the children's bone disease rickets (佝偻病).Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.可知阳光中的紫外线可以使皮肤中的一种物质转变成维生素D,故选B.
31.C  推理判断题,根据第五段Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.可知维生素C可以使我们的骨骼和牙齿更强壮,故选C.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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