Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.
The simplest form of business is called an individual proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. The law recognizes no difference between the owner and the business
. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.
There are limited liability partnerships. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also do not have as many responsibilities. Partnerships can end at any time. But partnerships and individual proprietorships exist only as long as the owners are alive.
The most complex kind of business organization is the corporation. Corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime.
Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or it might reinvest the money into the business.
If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation. A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.
But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. There are nonprofit groups that are also organized as corporations.
1. What's the main idea of this passage? (within 10 words)
2. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 10 words)
3. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
To put the profits into the business again might be another choice.
4. In what way are partnerships and corporations different from each other? Please list two main aspects. (each within 15 words)
(1) (2)
5. Please translate the underlined sentence.
1. Introduction to (different / three) kinds of businesses. / There are different kinds of businesses. / Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.
2. Another kind / form of business is the partnership
3. Or it might reinvest the money into the business.
4. (1) Partnerships exist only when the owners are alive while corporations have an unlimited lifetime.
(2) Corporations can sell stock while partnerships can not.
5．这意味着经营者占有生意的所有利润，但也必须偿还任何的债务。
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
完型填空(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。并将答案写在答题卡上。
Shopping habits in the United Stateshave changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 36 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street .Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 37 on both sides with many 38 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 39 ,some shops offered 40 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 41 in the 1950s, a change began to 42 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 43 too few parking places were 44 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 45 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.
And open space is what they got 46 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, 47 as a collection of small new stores 48 crowded city centres. 49 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 50 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 51 of shopping centres led 52 to the building of bigger and better?stocked stores. 53 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 54 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 55 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
36.A.As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier
37.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined
38.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up
39.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well
40.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services
41.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But
42.A.be taking place B.take place C.be taken place D.have taken place
43.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then
44.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for
45.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside
46.A.when B.while C.since D.then
47.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized
48.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near
49.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed
50.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown
51.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking
52.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further
53.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards
54.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness
55.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something compete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere.
In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of keeping your name before the public? and some people thought that advertising was “truth well told.” Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid, non-personal, and usually persuasive(有说服力的) description of goods, services and ideas by identified sponsors(明确的出资者) through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is non-personal. It is not face to face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media include the mail, matchbox covers, and billboards.
The existence(存在) of the privately owned mass media depends financially(经济上地) on _________.
A. the government B. their owners?families C. advertisements D. the audience
according to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements?
A. Companies. B. Organizations. C. Individuals. D. All of the above.
Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media?
A. Newspapers. B. The mail. C. Magazines. D. Films.
according to the passage, which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true?
A. Advertising must be honest and amusing.
B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.
C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly.
D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
(10·江西B篇)
CWU
The communication union
Head of Research
Salary:￡55.271
We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.
The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole.
You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry.
To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@cwu.org or by telephoning HR( Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.
Closing Date for Applications: 4th August 2010
Anticipated interview date: 17th August 2010
No agencies please
60. In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?
A. Arts. B. Sales. C. Jobs. D. News.
61. One of the duties of the person to be appointed is .
A. taking charge of research work.
B. seeking membership for the trade union.
C. managing a team of three or four members.
D. running a telecommunications company.
62. If you want to apply for this position, you can do all EXCEPT .
A. ask an agency for an application form.
B. dial 020 8971 7482 for more information.
C. email hr@cwu.org for an application pack.
D. send in your application before 4th August 2010
63. Which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?
A. A school teacher with a master’s degree.
B. A university graduate majoring in computer science.
C. A director from a research centre with a master’s degree.
D. A clerk from a telecommunications company.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届江西省吉安市高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
What if we could replace oil with a fuel which produced no pollution and which everybody had equal access to? The good news is that we can. In fact, we are swimming in it--- literally.
Hydrogen is one of the building blocks of the universe. Our own sun is basically a big, dense cloud of the stuff. And hydrogen can be used to create electricity for power, heat and light.
The problem is that hydrogen is everywhere and nowhere at the same time. It does not exist as a material on its own, but is always part of something else. So it has to be separated before it can be used.
Most commercial hydrogen in use now is created from natural gas. As oil will start to run out in around the year 2030, it makes sense to produce as much hydrogen as possible as soon as we can. But natural gas supplies will also begin to run out soon after. Another source is needed.
Researchers are now using electricity to make water into hydrogen. Companies are working on the problem in their own areas. The first commercial hydrogen “fuel cells” for computers and mobile phones have already come on to the market. Auto companies have also invested over US $2 billion in the production of hydrogen fuelled cars.
The nations of a hydrogen fuelled planet would not fight over energy recourses. There would be a great reduction in pollution. The only by-product of creating hydrogen is pure drinking water--- something that is very scarce in many parts of the world. But that is not where the good news ends. Once the costs of producing hydrogen have been brought down, it will possibly provide power for a third of the Earth’s population that has no electricity.
And electricity creates wealth. In South Africa over the last decade there has been a large programme of electrification. Thanks to the programme, people do not have to spend their days looking firewood to burn for heat. And with electric light, they can work long into the night.
Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates. Hydrogen creates electricity, and is also created by it. With dual use fuel cells, everyone who consumes energy could also produce it. Late at night, a man drives home in London and connects his car into the “world-wide hydrogen web,” which it supplies with electricity. A few hours later, a man in Beijing uses that electricity to power the hydrogen cell in his car. Hydrogen could be the first democratic energy source.
Like all dreams of the future, it seems very far away. But the threat of war and terrorism in the Middle East has made governments and businesses more aware of the need to end oil dependency and spend more time and money on hydrogen resource. So maybe the threat of war is not a completely bad thing for the future of the human race.
1.What does the underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refer to?
A. wealth B. hydrogen C. electricity D. fuel
2.What is the problem with using hydrogen as energy?
A. It has by-products.
B. It has to be separated from other materials.
C. It will make energy too cheap.
D. It is too far away from us.
3.Why does the author give the example in the last but one paragraph ?
A. To tell us that we produce energy while using hydrogen power.
B. To tell us that hydrogen power does not produce pollution.
C. To show hydrogen power can stop war.
D. To show hydrogen power is cheap.
4.What is the author’s attitude about the future?
A. skeptical B. negative C. indifferent D. positive
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. war and energy B. the future of hydrogen as an energy resource
C. the disadvantages of oil D. How to end war
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年山东德州平原一中高二上期9月月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue（烤肉）restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new idea: quick service，no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.
Their hamburgers were sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity（一致性）, for the brothers had developed a strict routine（程序）for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks’ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became surprisingly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundred during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954 when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise（特许经营）other copies of their restaurants. The agreement included the right to duplicate（复制） the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings the golden arches（拱门）.
Today McDonald’s is really a household name. In 1976, McDonald’s had over＄1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most surprising successes in modern American business history.
1.This passage mainly talks about ＿＿＿.
A. the development of fast food services
B. how McDonald’s became a billion-dollar business
C. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D. Ray Kroc’s business talent
2.Mac and Dick managed all of the following business except ＿＿＿.
A. a drive-in B. a theater
C. a cinema D. a barbecue restaurant
3. We may infer from this passage that ＿＿＿.
A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy, for they sold their ideas to Kroc
B. the place the McDonald brothers chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
C. forty years ago there were lots of fast-food restaurants
D. Ray Kroc was a good businessman
4.The passage suggests that ＿＿＿.
A. creativity is an important element of business success
B. Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C. Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc
D. California is the best place to go into business
5.Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Today McDonald’s is very popular in the world.
B. The first twenty-two years of McDonald’s is the most surprising success in American business history.
C. Mac and Dick McDonald were content with their business at first.
D. It is convenient to eat in a drive-in.
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