Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think constantly. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(判断性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes to construct your own ideas. Otherwise, you might be controlled by others’ ideas. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word “critical” here contains a special meaning. It doesn’t mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen–beyond the pictures on TV which are often not consistent with reality, the untrue and controversial reports in the newspapers, and the faulty and contradictory reasoning.
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not consist with the fast speed in today’s world: fast food, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein, who made great contributions to science during his life. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a contemporary scientist, was to consult Albert Einstein about his work, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. but Einstein was very considerate and immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”
1.Critical thinking is important to us because if we don’t think critically, ______________.
A.it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast
B.we might be controlled by other people’s ideas
C.we will follow the ideas of others naturally
D.we might be fooled by other people’s ideas
2.If you are a critical thinker, you will ______________________.
A. think deeply about different ideas
B. trust the reports in the newspapers
C. take one view against another view
D. criticize other people for their mistakes
3.In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ___________________.
A. the smarter you are, the faster you do things
B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become
C. speed can improve intelligence
D. intelligence is not decided by speed
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Thinking and Critical Thinking
B. Understanding Critical Thinking
C. Thinking is Natural and Human
D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence
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53天天练系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2014-2015学年湖北省招生高考模拟一英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
High-quality customer service is preached (宣扬) by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers—and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative review. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
1.Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A. Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
B. Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
C. Few customers believe the service will be improved. .
D. Customers have no easy access to store managers.
2. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)
A. New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B. It is not likely that the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C. Most stores provide the same kind of service.
D. Not complaining to manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
3.What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A. Manners of the salespeople.
B. Hiring of efficient employees.
C. Huge supply of goods for sale.
D. Design of store layout.
4.To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to ________.
A. exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B. settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
C. voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D. shop around and make comparisons between stores
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江友谊红兴隆管理局一中高二下学期开学考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
I spotted (发现;认出) him at the checkout counter, bagging at No.14. His arms shook violently as he placed a box of eggs into a plastic bag. He wore a name card upon which he had wiritten “Jerry” in kindergarten handwriting. He looked middle-aged but his mental age must have been about 12.
Ever since I smiled at him the first time he bagged my groceries at my local supermarket, Jerry has followed me around like an adoring fan. His lack of boundaries makes me uncomfortable. I don’t know how to avoid being noticed by him. I don’t want to speak to the manager — my complaint could get him fired. So I started avoiding him.
I can still remember the hurt I felt when I was 10 and our neighbor Mrs. Ward didn’t respond when I said hello with David and Diane. Instead, she hurried out of the supermarket, leaving me holding my brother and sister’s hands. I realized at that moment that I hated Mrs. Ward’s reaction. Why, then, years later, was I acting as she had?
I picked up a magazine Real Simple. The beautiful photos did nothing to straighten out the guilt in me. I was being ridiculous. The last three times I have seen Jerry, I rushed. There are other stores, but I chose this one because it employs people with disabilities. I want people like my brothers to have jobs. I don’t want them to be ignored, the way I am avoiding Jerry.
1.We know from the text that Jerry ________
A. suffered from fragile X syndrome
B. had a mental age not matching his real age
C. couldn’t write his name
D. only had a kindergarten education
2.Why did the author feel uncomfortable?
A. Jerry was like a fan of her
B. Real Simple couldn’t straighten out her guilt
C. Jerry always stepped on her feet
D. Jerry didn’t keep a proper distance from her
3.We can infer from the text that ________.
A. there are many people like Mrs. Ward
B. the store the author visited treated the disabled equally
C. most employees in the supermarket are disabled
D. the store manager ignored people with disabilities
4.What is the author’s attitude towards people with disabilities?
A. cautious B. unconcerned
C. ridiculous D. caring
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年广东普宁华侨中学高一下学期第一次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
He is that we all like to get along with him.
A．such a nice man B．a such nice man
C．so a nice man D．a so nice man
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年广东普宁华侨中学高一下学期第一次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
What do the five rings on the Olympic flag ?
A．stand up for B．stand for C．stand out D．stand by
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年北京第八十中学高三下学期开学零模检测考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
D Are you an optimist？ Do you look at your glass and see it as half full？ Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best？ Do you believe that if something is meant to be，it will be？ If you reply “yes” to all of these questions，then you are an optimist．You probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing．You may be successful at work and in love．
But you may be misguided because things don't turn out for the best．You may believe that when on door closes another one opens(for example，you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon)．Wrong．When one door closes，another door slams(砰然关上)in your face．That's bitter reality．
Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along．it's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism．Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results．Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear，anxiety and worry．Defensive pessimists prepare for the tings by setting low outcomes for themselves．They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems．And this gives them a sense of control．Lawrence Sanno，a psychology professor，says，“What's interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situation's outcomes is not realistic．They use it to motivate themselves to perform better．”
So far，so good．This is not rocket science．Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong，whether at work，on date or even in a sports game．It makes sense to have a back-up plan．There are many sayings in English urging caution．For example，“Don't put all your eggs in one basket．”
And “Don't count your chickens until they hatch．” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life's problems is good．But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says ，”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem．”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist．Don't feel bad if you see the glass half empty．You are a realist But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full．
1.What's the passage mainly about？
A．A book that has recently been published．
B．How to become successful in life
C．The dangers of being too optimistic．
D．The benefits of defensive pessimism．
2.The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science”(Para．4)means ______．
A．it's not a dangerous thing to do
B．it is quite simple to understand
C．the cost is not so high
D．there is no real proof
3.Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe？
A．Don't put all your eggs in one basket．
B．The glass is half full not half empty．
C．Whatever will be，will be．
D．Every cloud has a silver lining．
4.The writer would probably describe himself as ______．
A．an optimist
B．a defeatist
C．a realist
D．a scientist
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年北京第八十中学高三下学期开学零模检测考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
Though a typhoon is on the way，people are still looking forward _____ the outdoor concert．
A．to cancelingB．not to canceling
C．not to cancelD．to not canceling
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届浙江省高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Reading for pleasure is declining among primary-age pupils, and increasing numbers of "time poor" parents are dropping the practice of sharing bedtime stories with their children once they start school.
Research presented to a conference last week found that, while parents read to preschoolers , this later tails off, and by the final year of primary school only around 2% read to their children every day. Once children can read skillfully, parents tend to step back, and this usually happens at the age of seven or eight. The report also found that 820-/o of teachers blame the government's " target-. driven" education policies for the fact that fewer children are reading for pleasure.
They believe that a straitjacket (束缚) of strictly organized schooling is containing young people's ability to read more widely. Two-thirds of teachers surveyed said they lacked time in the school day to introduce a variety of books and that this was a " major obstacle to being able to develop a level of reading". Teachers also cited as main factors the reduction in the number of school librarians, who could put interesting books before children, and the rise in "screen time", switching children from reading to playing games.
The majority of teachers said the curriculum's (课程) " emphasis on reading as a skill to be mastered" was increasing the pressure. This was compounded by parents who saw reading just as a focus of learning, a skill critical to career advancement in a competitive world.
Reading habits and the digital revolution in publishing were key topics of debate at the conference. The theme of the lack of British culture was supported by children's writer Frank Cottrell Boyce, who wrote the scripts(手稿 ) for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Olympics.
“We discovered the whole nation had forgotten that they did the industrial revolution," he said.
"Books are so central to it; books can be written by anyone. A lot of the pleasure of a book is listening to somebody read it to you. "
"We found a real love of reading al110ng teachers, and a strong desire ,to encourage more children to read for pleasure ,”said Rob Cheney," However ,the teachers also had an overpowering sense of frustration with their situation." "Touch-screen phone and tablets are naturally attractive to children," the survey said, and predicted a period of awkwardness as everyone else adapts. By 2018, children's television will have adopted the presence of this second screen ,and it "will be strange not to have children ,at home drawing along on tablets and then having these appearing live in the show ".
The hope is “that user-friendly screens could, if material is adapted and downloaded easily, present an opportunity for more ambitious publishing - for example, books children can either read or choose to have read to them; or digital books with moving pictures instead of photos to clarify factual and scientific points. Parental controls that are easy to use would be key, the conference was told, such as "a warning for when devices use the Wi-Fi, especially after bedtimes", to allow parents to shut off access to children in the home.
1.What leads to parents' dropping the practice of sharing bedtime stories with their children?
A. Children have less time to spend with their parents after they start school.
B. Parents chink it unnecessary to do so when children can read themselves.
C. The government’s education policies have placed much burden on children.
D. Children don't like parents reading stories to them when they are seven or eight.
2.Which of the following is not teachers' point of view?
A. Children are prevented from reading widely enough in school.
B. Schools pay attention to reading skills instead of reading for fun.
C. Playing video games reduces children's time spent on reading.
D. School libraries can't provide good books for lack of money.
3.The word "compounded" (Paragraph 4) most probably means ______.
A. worsened B. preserved C. reduced D. improved
4.It can be inferred from the article that _____
A. children don't like reading because books are not attractive
B. British people enjoyed reading books very much in the past
C. teachers forbid their students co read more books for fun
D. children should enjoy more freedom to use the Wi-Fi at home
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Parents should set a limit to their children's using electric devices at hoI11e.
B. Children are encouraged to read as l11any interesting books as they can.
C. Children miss out on pleasures of reading a good book in modern life.
D. Experts appeals to the government to reduce the heavy burden on children.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届福建省大田市高三上学期九月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of nanal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil enginerrs”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopenling. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel:020 77130836
1.When is the talk on James Brindley?
A. February 6th. B. March 6th.
C. November 7th. D. December 5th.
2.What is the topic of the talk in February?
A. The Canal Pioneers.
B. Ice for the Metropolis
C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands
D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals
3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.
A. Miranda Vickers B. Malcolm Tucke
C. Chris Lewis D. Liz Payne
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