Question

4．The fact that people are no longer tied to specific places for functions such as studying or learning，says William Mitchell，a professor of architecture and computer science at MIT，means that there is"a huge drop in demand for traditional，（51）C，enclosed spaces"such as offices or classrooms，and simultaneously"a huge rise in demand for semi-public spaces that can be informally appropriated to ad-hoc workspaces"．This shift，he thinks，amounts to the biggest change in （52）Bin this century．In the 20th century architecture was about （53）Astructures-offices for working，cafeterias for eating，and so forth．This was necessary because workers needed to be near things such as landline phones，fax machines and filing cabinets．
The new architecture，says Mr Mitchell，will"make spaces intentionally（54）C"．Architects are thinking about light，air，trees and gardens，all in the service of human connections．Buildings will have much more varied shapes than before（55）B，people working on laptops find it comforting to have their backs to a wall，so hybrid（混合的） spaces may become curvier，with more nooks（角落），in order to （56）Cthe surface area of their inner walls．
"This（57）Dis what separates successful spaces and cities from unsuccessful ones，"says Anthony Townsend，an urban planner at the Institute for the Future，a think-tank．Almost any public space can assume some of these features．For example，a not-for-profit organization in New York has（58）BBryant Park，a once abandoned but charming garden in front of the city's public library，into a hybrid space popular with office workers．The park's managers noticed that a lot of visitors were using mobile phones and laptops in the park，so they （59）AWi-Fi and added some chairs with foldable lecture desks．The idea was not to distract people from the flowers but to let them customize their little bit of the park．
The academic name for such spaces is"third places"，a term originally coined by the sociologist Ray Oldenburg in his 1989 book，"The Great，Good Place"．At the time，long before mobile technologies became widespread，Mr Oldenburg wanted to （60）Dbetween the sociological functions of people's first places （their homes），their second places （offices） and the public spaces that（61）Asafe，neutral and informal meeting points．As Mr Oldenburg saw it，a good third place makes admission free or cheap-the price of a cup of coffee，say-offers creature comforts，is within walking distance for a particular neighborhood and （62）Da group of regulars．
As more（63）Dplaces pop up and spread，they also change entire cities．Just as buildings during the 20th century were specialized by（64）A，towns were as well，says Mr Mitchell．Suburbs were for living，downtowns for （65）Band other areas for playing．But urban nomadism makes districts，like buildings，multifunctional．Parts of town that were monocultures，he says，gradually become"fine-grained mixed-use neighborhoods"．
 

51．A．additional	B．vacant	C．private	D．narrow
52．A．development	B．architecture	C．technology	D．purpose
53．A．specialized	B．detailed	C．splendid	D．complicate
54．A．attractive	B．cooperative	C．multifunctional	D．agreeable
55．A．In addition	B．For instance	C．On the contrary	D．Meanwhile
56．A．control	B．surround	C．maximize	D．dominate
57．A．similarity	B．qualification	C．presentation	D．flexibility
58．A．manufactured	B．transformed	C．maintained	D．simplified
59．A．installed	B．required	C．discovered	D．invented
60．A．transfer	B．confuse	C．combine	D．distinguish
61．A．serve as	B．appeal to	C．identify with	D．put away
62．A．reveals	B．hires	C．stirs	D．draws
63．A．leisure	B．public	C．perfect	D．third
64．A．function	B．interest	C．organization	D．block
65．A．entertaining	B．working	C．socializing	D．gathering

Answer 1

分析 短文讲述的是现代的建筑不是由特定的地方有特定的功能，而是多功能化，将空间利用到最大化，与20世纪的建筑完全不一样．

解答 51-55 CBACB     56-60 CDBAD     61-65 ADDAB
51．C 考查形容词的辨析，additional"额外的，附加的"，vacant"空缺的，空闲的"，private"私有的，私人的"，narrow"狭窄的，狭隘的"，根据语境，此处用来修饰"办公室或教室"，这些地方是"传统的，私人的，封闭的空间"，故答案为C．
52．B 考查名词的辨析，development"发展"，architecture"建筑"，technology"科技"，purpose"目的"，由后文提到20世纪的建筑可知此处说的是这个世纪在建筑上最大的改变，故选B．
53．A 考查形容词的辨析，specialized"专门的"，detailed"详细的，详尽的"，splendid"壮观的，豪华的"，complicate"复杂的，麻烦的"，根据语境"20世纪的建筑是关于专门的构造，办公室用来工作，咖啡厅用来吃饭等"，故答案为A．
54．C 考查形容词的辨析，attractive"吸引人的"，cooperative"合作的"，multifuntional"多功能的"，agreeable"令人愉快的，同意的"，根据后文提及"建筑师让光，空气，树和花园与人类服务相连接"可知"新的建筑特意让空间多功能化"，因此选C．
55．B 考查副词的辨析，in addition"另外"，for instance"例如"，on the contrary"与此相反"，meanwhile"同时"，根据语境，下文是举例说明前文的"现在的大楼与以前相比有更多不一样的造型"，因此选B．
56．C 考查动词的辨析，control"控制"，surround"包围"，maximize"最大化"，dominate"支配，影响"，前文提到现在房子有更多的角落，就是为了把墙壁的表面利用到最大化，故答案为C．
57．D 考查名词的辨析，similarity"类似，相像性"，qualification"资格，条件"，presentation"陈述，演出"，flexibility"柔韧性，灵活性"，上文提到是对空间的灵活应用，因此此处答案为D．
58．B 考查动词短语的搭配，manufacture"加工，制造"，transform"变换，转变"，maintain"保持，坚持"，simplify"简化"，根据语境是将一个别人废弃但迷人的花园转变成一个混合空间，因此使用动词短语transform…into…．
59．A 考查动词的辨析，install"安装，安置"，require"要求"，discover"发现"，invent"发明"，根据语境公园的经理发现很多人使用手机或手提电脑，因此他们安装了Wi-Fi，故答案为A．
60．D 考查动词的辨析，transfer"转让"，confuse"使困惑"，combine"结合"，distinguish"区分，辨别"，根据语境Mr．Oldenburg想要把家里，办公室和公共场所得社会性功能结合起来，故答案为D．
61．A 考查动词短语的辨析，serve as"充当，担任"，appeal to"向…投诉，对…有吸引力"，identify with"认为…等同于，觉得与…有联系"，put away"放好，收起来"，此处that引导的定语从句用来修饰前面提到的公共空间，这个空间是充当一个安全的，中立的和非正式的会见点，故答案为A．
62．D 考查动词的辨析，reveal"揭露，显露"，hire"雇用，聘用"，stir"搅拌，移动"，draw"吸引"，句子理解为"好的第三场所是对于特定的一个邻里走路即可到达的，并且能吸引一群常客"，故答案为D．
63．D 考查形容的辨析，leisure"休闲的"，public"公共的"，perfect"完美的"，third"第三的"，短文提到的是third places，因此答案为D．
64．A 考查名词的辨析，由第一段In the 20th century architecture was about specialized structures-offices for working可知此处提到20世纪的建筑是由专门的功能构成的，不同地方功能不同，故答案为A function"功能"，interest"兴趣"，organization"组织"，block"街区"．
65．B 考查动名词的辨析，entertaining"娱乐"，working"工作"，socializing"社交"，gathering"团聚"，根据语境"郊区用来生活，市中心用来工作，其他地方用来玩耍"，故答案为B．

点评 本篇完形填空属于社会知识面类的文章阅读．解题时，要注意语篇复现的信息，包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现现等．语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现等．因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案．