14．In 1988，a company in Ohio invented an alcohol-based hand cleaner，which was meant to be used by health-care worker； when soap and water were unavailable．Joe Kanfer，the company's C．E．O．，told me recently，"there were a couple of other alcohol products out there，but they were really ugly．Either they were greasy （油腻的） or they burned your hands white．"Kanfer took a year and a half to develop this product which is visually appealing and does almost no harm to one's skin．Still．Kanfer lost money on it for mare than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for．
The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere．My doctor uses it several times during every office visit．You can aer it in almost every office in the U．s..and school picnics would be impossible without it．The former president Grorge W．Bush was called a racist for using hand cleaner after first shaking hands with Barack Obama，but Bush also gave some of it to Obama and recommended it as a cold preventative （预防药）．What was once
barely even a product is now a growing product category，worth hundreds of millions per year．
The rise of Purell makes some health professionals uneasy，Some claimed that promoting hand cleaner may worsen"our culture's irrational （非理性的） fear about bacteria．"Still，the clear agreement among experts is that unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infectious in hospitals．A 2007study estimated that，in America in 2002，such infections resulted in more than a million and a half patient illnesses and caused or contributed to nearly a hundred thousand patient deaths-about double the number of U．S．deaths currently caused each year by AIDS and guns combined．
However，I asked a food microbiologist whether clean hands might have a medical drawback．He said．"We might have a much healthier population if we adopted the kinds of condition that we see in many Third World countries，with poor-quality food and poor-quality water and lots of bacteria．If we did that，we would have adults who were very healthy and have very strong immune systems．Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate．"
28．Why did Joe Kanfer lose money on his product according to Paragraph 1？A
A．Because people didn't think it useful．
B．Because people thought it was ugly．
C．Because it was harmful to the skin．
D．Because it burned the hands white．
29．What does Paragraph 2mainly talk about？B
A．Purell brings in lots of money for Kanfer．
B．Purell has been widely used in the US．
C．Purell is a cold preventative．
D．Purell meets different needs．
30．What mainly caused patient deaths according to the figures in Paragraph 3？C
A．People's fear about bacteria．
B．Hand cleaner．
C．Bacteria on the dirty hands．
D．AIDS and guns．
31．What can we learn about the people in Third World countries？D
A．They adopt healthy living habits．
B．They have poor immune systems．
C．They eat food with fewer hacteria．
D．Their child death rate remains high．
分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了俄亥俄州一家公司发明的基于酒精的洗手液．
解答 28．A．细节理解题．根据第一段中Still．Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for可知人们不知道这种产品有什么用．故选项A正确．
29．B．细节理解题．根据本段第一句The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere．及后面的举例可知本段主要是讲这种产品的流行．故答案B选．
30．C．细节理解题．根据第三段中unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infections in hospitals可知引起病人死亡的主要原因是带有细菌的脏手；答案C正确．
31．D．推理判断题．根据最后一段中Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate．可知第三地界的国家由于不卫生导致儿童死亡率很高．故选项D正确．
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
