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6.A man was charged with first••degree murder of a 79.-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death.In an attempt to escape after a bank robbery,the 20.year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the  home of Mary Parnell.Police say he didn't touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror.Can the guy be held responsible for the woman's death?Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state's murder rule,which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person's death while committing or fleeing from a felony crime like robbery---even if he or she doesn't kill someone on purpose.
But,medically speaking,can someone actually be frightened to death?
Absolutely,no question about it.
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应),which was originally described by Walter Cannon,the chairman of Harvard University's physiology department from 1906to 1942.If,in the wild,an animal is faced with a life.threatening situation.the autonomic nerve system responds by increasing heart rate,increasing blood flow to the muscles,and slowing digestion,among other things.All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast.This process certainly would be of help to ancient humans.However,in the modem world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nerve system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response.This chemical is toxic(有毒的1in large amounts;it damages the organs such as the heart,lungs,liver and kidneys.It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death.Kidney failure,liver failure,those things don't kill you suddenly.
By the way,any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result.There are people who have died in strong emotions.There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one,turned to his partner and said,"I can die now"一and then he dropped dead.For about seven days after the 9-11terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

31.Why was the man charged?B
A.Because he was trying to kill an old woman.
B.Because he caused an old woman's terror and she died.
C.Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack.
D.Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.
32.The underlined word felony in Para.1most probably meansB.
A.new    B.severe    C.deadly   D.organized
33.Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?C
A.The fight-or-flight response was not raised or proved yet.
B.It is a natural protective method that can only be found in humans.
C.The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modem ones.
D.The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.
34.What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?D
A.Winning a big lottery.    B.Missing a dead family.
C.Watching a horror movie.  D.Listening to a sweet song.
35.The purpose of the passage isD.
A.to explain why people will die of a heart attack
B.to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure
C.to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death
D.to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death.

分析 本文通过引入一个老妇人因恐惧而致死的案例来讲述人类在表现出强烈的情绪时或许会导致猝死的现象.文章对这种导致猝死现象的原因进行了详细的描述.

解答 31.B.细节理解题.根据文章"In an attempt to escape after a bank robbery,the 20.year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the  home of Mary Parnell.Police say he didn't touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terro"可知,这个男人闯进一个老妇人的家中后,老妇人由于恐惧而突发心脏病而死亡,因此他被指控.故选B.
32.B.词义猜测题.根据文章原句"Prosecutors said that he can under the state's murder rule,which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person's death while committing or fleeing from a felony crime like robbery---even if he or she doesn't kill someone on purpose."可知,检察官认为,他引起妇人死亡,即使不是故意,也会被法律判为felony罪.由法官的话可推测,这种造成人类死亡的必定是重罪.故"felony"是严重的意思.故选B.
33.C.推理预测题.根据文章"This process certainly would be of help to ancient humans.However,in the modem world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response"可知,这个过程肯定会有助于远古的人类.然而,在现代逃跑反应有明显的下降.可推测,古代人类对战斗或逃跑情况有与现状相比一个更好的反应.故选C.
34.D.推理判断题.根据文章"By the way,any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result"可知,任何强烈的积极或消极的情绪,如快乐或悲伤,也会导致器官损伤.结合选项可知,听一首甜美幽静的歌曲时不会损伤器官.故选D.
35.D.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,本文通过引入一个老妇人因恐惧而致死的案例来讲述人类在表现出强烈的情绪时或许会导致猝死的现象.故选D.

点评 本文是健康环保类阅读,考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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D.beat the author many times in the chess game
50.What can be inferred about David?A
A.He recovered after months of treatment.
B.He liked biking before he lost his family.
C.He went into university soon after starting to talk.
D.He got friends in school before he met the author.

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