51.A.desire | B.seek | C.lose | D.dislike |
52.A.contrary | B.expectation | C.degree | D.extreme |
53.A.vice versa | B.for example | C.however | D.otherwise |
54.A.outside | B.inside | C.below | D.above |
55.A.replacing | B.assessing | C.managing | D.encouraging |
56.A.refer | B.contribute | C.object | D.apply |
57.A.agreement | B.practice | C.election | D.impression |
58.A.bossy | B.experienced | C.western | D.male |
59.A.asking | B.training | C.warning | D.firing |
60.A.doubling | B.maintaining | C.reducing | D.estimating |
61.A.honoured | B.left | C.crowded | D.compared |
62.A.economically | B.traditionally | C.inadequately | D.occasionally |
63.A.deny | B.admit | C.assume | D.ensure |
64.A.virtual | B.ineffective | C.day-to-day | D.on-the-scene |
65.A.opinion | B.risk | C.performance | D.attractiveness |
分析 本篇主要介绍了美国著名管理大师以及行为科学家麦格雷戈的"X理论-Y理论"--消极的X理论,即人性本恶,在工作中人本能地不喜欢工作;积极的Y理论,即人性本善,在工作中人都有在工作中获得满足感的潜能.
解答 51-55 DABDC 56-60 BADAC 61-65 BBDAC
51.D desire 需求,欲望;seek 寻找; lose 失去,丢失; dislike 不喜欢.本句简单介绍了X理论,由后半句and will do anything to avoid it可以推知,人们本能地_______工作,这里应该是dislike.
52.A many managers still agree to Theory X(管理者们仍然同意X理论),由despite…still关键词可知,即使有很多关于Y理论的有力证据,管理者仍然坚持X理论,因而,空格处代表的是"Y理论",即是X理论的相反,故选contrary.
53.B vice versa 反之亦然;for example,比如;however 然而;otherwise 否则.根据整句内容,这里是顺势举例,没有转折的意思,因此为for example.
54.D 根据前后句的解释,X理论是一种赞同专制的理论,因此此处为above(上头,上面的阶级),表示决定impose(强加)自上头,在没有任何协商的情况下(without any consultation).
55.C 由后文内容可知,不同的文化,有不同的管理人的办法,在这一点上,西方开始效仿东方国家.这里为managing.
56.B 根据文化常识,东方国家要求他人服从/奉献,因此all members of the department or work group are asked to (56)____to this process.此处为contribute to…,选项为B.
57.A 根据文化常识推理,东方国家是在普遍的认可下做出决定,因此此处西方国家效仿东方国家,所作的决定是基于普遍的认同下的,Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general (57)_____.此处为agreement.
58.D Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional (58)___ managers cannot.此处指出女性能够成为效率更高的管理者,因为她们有让人达到共同目标的手段,这里存在男性和女性的对比,that引导定语从句,表示"男性没有的一种力量",因而为male.
59.A 由前一句可知to encourage employees to use their own initiative(鼓励员工的主动性),因此后一句表达"不需要征询管理者的同意",征询,asking.
60.C 此句关键字为downsizing(精简,裁员),因而冒号后为解释前句的意思,因此为reducing(减少).
61.B 后一句为After de-layering in this way的结果,可知结果是"只剩下了最高的高级管理者,最前沿的管理者以及直接接触公众的雇员(a top level of senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public),答案B.
62.B Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has (62)___been the case.比起传统中自己处理事情,授权更多地采用委托他人来解决事情.根据句意,应为traditionally.
63.D deny否定,admit 承认,assume 夺取,假定,ensure 确保;此处提到授权的好处,应该是"确保",答案为D.
64.A virtual虚拟的,ineffective无效的,day-to-day 日复一日的,on-the-scene 现场的,根据后文内容,teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses,可知是虚拟的.
65.C opinion 意见,risk 风险,performance 表现,attractiveness 吸引力,本句句意是"管理者对员工的表现的考核是根据他们为项目作出的贡献,而不是他们在上面所花的时间",因而答案为C.
点评 作答此题,考生需根据前后文对句子表达的意思进行推导,理清前后文的逻辑关系,注意抓住关键词和关键句所透露出的信息.在平时,考生需注意词汇的积累,避免因为词汇而造成对文章理解的困难.
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