17.Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now,psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same"fight-or-flight"reaction to stress.In other words,individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior,such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"),or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight").However,the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response,women often have another kind of reaction which could be called"tend and befriend."That is,they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"),and by looking for social contact and support from others-especially other females《'befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress,an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body.The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone.This hormone,called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h,but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.The principal investigator,Dr.Shelley E.Taylor,explained that"animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer,more relaxed,more social,and less anxious."While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin,its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior,the UCLA study found that women are far.more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed.They may phone relatives or friends,or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.For a typical mother,coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior.The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress,and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress,men are more likely than women toC.
A.turn to friends for help
B.solve a conflict calmly
C.find an escape from reality
D.seek comfort from children
73.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?D
A.Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B.Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C.Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D.Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
74.What can be learned from the passage?C
A.Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B.In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C.Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D.The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
75.Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage?A
A.How men and women get over stress
B.How men and women suffer from stress
C.How researchers overcome stress problems
D.How researchers handle stress-related disorders.
分析 本文是一篇科普说明文.面对生活中的种种压力,男性和女性会表现出不同的反应:男性的反应往往是或战或逃,女性往往是一种被称之为"照顾和结友"的态度.文章主要讲述了男性和女性对压力反应的区别和原因以及是如何克服压力的.
解答 72.C 推理判断题.根据第二段中的"While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response,women often have another kind of reaction which could be called‘tend and befriend'."可知,面对压力,男性的反应往往是或战或逃,女性往往是一种被称之为"照顾和结友"的态度.所以男人比女人更可能逃避现实.故C项正确.
73.D 细节理解题.根据第三段可知,A项内容未涉及;根据第三句"This hormone,called oxytocin.it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress."可排除B项;根据倒数第二句可知,催产素水平高的人和动物更容易平静、放松,而不是说人和动物的催产素水平都高,故排除C项;根据最后一句"While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin,its effects are reduced by male hormones."可知,男性尽管也分泌这种催产素,但受男性荷尔蒙的影响,它的作用降低了,所以对女性的影响更大.故D项正确.
74.C 细节理解题.根据第三段第一句"…in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress,an important role is played by certain hormones(激素)released by the body."可知,男性对于压力或战或逃的反应是体内荷尔蒙释放的结果,故排除A项;根据倒数第二段可知,父母劳累一天回家后的反应是不同的,故排除B项;文章所述内容才是UCLA的研究结果,故排除D项;根据第二段中的"…men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress."可知,对于压力,男性和女性有完全不同的生物反应和行为反应.故C项正确.
75.A 主旨大意题.本文主要讲述了男性和女性由于不同的激素影响,面对压力时所采取的不同应对方式.故A项正确.
点评 本文是健康环保类阅读,考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.