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    15．To extinguish （熄灭） different kinds of fires，several types of fire extinguishers have been invented．They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out．Most portable （手提式的） kinds operate for less than a minute，so they are useful only on small fires．The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers．
    Since fuel，oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist，one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire．If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature，the fire goes out．The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire．Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get．
    Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen．This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things．A blanket may be used to cover a small fire．
    A third method is called separation，which includes removing the fuel，or material easy to burn，from a fire，so that it can find no fuel．
    The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire．Fires have been grouped in three classes．Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires．These materials usually help keep the fire on．Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water．

    8．If a fire breaks out on a bus，which of the follow should be ready there for you to use？D
    A．Sand   
    B．Water     
    C．A blanket．
    D．An extinguisher．
    9．To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin（盆） in order to stop the fire is an example ofA
    A．cutting off the oxygen           
    B．reducing the heat
    C．removing the fuel               
    D．separating the fire
    10．In choosing how to put out a fire，we should first be clear aboutB．
    A．when it breaks out              
    B．what kind it is
    C．how it comes about             
    D．where it takes place
    11．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？B
    A．Another type of extinguishers         
    B．Another class of fires
    C．How fires break out．
    D．How fires can be prevented．

    分析 文章分析了不同的灭火器原理和方法．

    解答 DABB
    8．D  推理题．根据第一段最后一句"The law requires ships，trains buses and planes to carry extinguishers"说明在公共汽车上有灭火器，公共汽车上着火应该用灭火器．故选D．
    9．A   细节推断题．根据第三段"Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting the oxygen．This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things"用脸盆盖上烧着的木头显然是截断氧气的方法．故选A．
    10．B   细节推断题．根据"The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire．"可知要想判断用什么方法，首先要弄清着火的类型，所以选B．
    11．B   推理题．最后一段描述了"Fires have been grouped in three classes．"然后讲述了第一种，所以后面很可能描述另外两种．所以选B．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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