Robots have proved to be valuable tools for soldiers, surgeons and homeowners hoping to keep the carpet clean. But in each case, they are designed and built specifically for the job. Now there is a movement under way to build multipurpose machines-robots that can move about in changing environments such as offices or living rooms and work with their hands.
All-purpose robots are not, of course, a new idea. “It’s been five or 10 years from happening for about 50 years,” says Eric Berger, co–director of the Personal Robotics Program at Willow Garage, a Silicon Valley organization. The delay is in part because even simple tasks require a huge set of capabilities. For a robot to fetch a mug, for example, it needs to make sense of data gathered by a variety of sensors–laser scanners identifying potential blocking objects, cameras searching for the target, force feedback in the fingers that grasp the mug, and more. Yet Berger and other experts are confident that real progress could be made in the next decade.
The problem, according to Willow Garage, is the lack of a common platform for all that computational effort. Instead of enlarging the capabilities of a single machine, everyone is designing robots and the software to control them, from the ground up. To help change this, Willow Garage is currently producing 25 copies of its model PR2 (for “Personal Robot 2”), a two–armed, wheeled machine that can switch off the electricity, open doors and move through a room. Ten of the robots will stay in–house, but 10 more will go to outside research groups, and everyone will share their advances. This way, Berger says, if you want to build the robotic equivalent (等同物) of a Twitter (推特网站), you won’t start by constructing a computer. “you build the thing that’s new.”
31．The robots are mentioned to do some specific jobs EXCEPT in .
A．battle fields B．operation room C．people’s houses D．wild fields
32．The multipurpose robot may be identified as a machine that .
A．can move about in changing environments and work with their hands
B．can make sense of data gathered by a variety of sensors
C．has a huge set of abilities to finish all the simple tasks
D．has identifying laser scanners, searching cameras and force feedback
33．According to Willow Garage, we will make real progress in building all-purpose robots if ___________ .
A．everyone is designing robots and the software to control them
B．they can produce 25 copies of its model PR2
C．people can enlarge the capabilities of a single machine
D．people can start by constructing a computer
34．Willow Garage is currently producing 25 copies of its model PR2 so as to _________ .
A．design robots and the software to control them
B．change the way of new robot construction research
C．open doors and go to outside research groups
D．go through the room and stay in-house
35．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．To build all-purpose robots is an absolutely new movement under way.
B．Building all-purpose robots was delayed because of its complexity.
C．The idea to build all-purpose robots appeared about 50 years ago.
D．Everyone will share their advances for they are all-purpose robots.
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：宁夏银川一中09-10学年高二下学期期中考试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
There are robots all around us. Some do very complicated jobs like flying airplanes and driving subway trains. And some do one simple job. When an automatic washing machine is switched on , water pours in. The machine waits until the water is warm enough for washing clothes. It does this by “feedback(反馈)” . Information about what is happening is feedback into the robot to tell what to do next. Our eyes, ears and other senses are our feedback. They tell us what is going on around us . So robots are like human beings in two ways.
They work and they have feedback.
In some ways robots are better than human beings. They work quickly and do not make mistakes. They do not get bored doing the same job over and over again. And they never get tired. So robots are very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many different jobs. First their electronic brain must be shown how the job is done, A person moves the robot’s “arms” and “hands” through each part of the job.
The most intelligent robots can move and see. Their eyes are cameras. Their fingers can feel shapes and sizes of the objects. These robots have computer brains linked to their eyes and fingers, which control their actions. The expensive robots are used in scientific research. They do such jobs as handling radioactive materials.
59. In this passage the author tells us that .
A. robots are very popular B. there are various kinds of robots
C. we see robots only at certain times D. robots can be easily controlled
60. What does the author seem to inform you about robots?
A. They should be greatly improved
B. They will probably take over in the future
C. They are very hopeful and useful to humans
D. They are machines that break down a lot
61. The author says that in industry .
A. robots break down a lot B. robots can do many jobs
C. robots only get in the way D. robots sometimes cause troubles
62. The fact that a robot never gets bored doing the same job means that .
A. it is very much like human beings B. it can do boring jobs for people
C. it will never bore people D. it will work much better than human beings
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科目：高中英语 来源：河北省保定市第二中学 2010届高三考前强化训练试题集（一）英语 题型：阅读理解
What comes into your mind when you think about robots? Do you imagine armies of evil metal monsters planning to take over the world? Or, perhaps of mechanical men who have been created as guards or soldiers by a mad genius? Or maybe you think of man- like robots who act, think, and look like human beings. In fact robots like these have more to do with science fiction films than with real life. In the real world robots are machines that do jobs which otherwise have to be done by people. Robots either operate by themselves or under the control of a person.
In a car factory, for example, robot machinery can put together and paint car bodies. On the sea bed remotecontrolled（遥控）underwater machines with mechanical arms can perform tasks too difficult for divers. Robot spacecraft can explore the solar system and send back information about planets and stars.
Many robots have computer brains. Some robots are fitted with cameras , sensors, and microphones which enable them to see, to feel, and to hear. And some robots can even produce electronic speech.
All this does not mean that a robot can think and behave like a human being. Present day robots have to be programmed with a good deal of information before they can carry out even simple tasks.
44．Robots in real life________.
A. can behave like human beings B. have the ability to control the world
C. can think by themselves D. can help us with a lot of work
45．According to this article, which of the following is not true about robots in the real world?
A. Some robots are as creative as artists. B. Some robots can help manufacture cars.
C. Some robots can see and hear. D. Some robots can explore outer space.
46．Robots can perform many tasks for man because________.
A. they have intelligence B. they are supplied with computer programs
C. they can imitate human beings D. they have the ability to learn new things
47．The robots in science fiction films and those in real life differ mainly in________.
A. mentality B. appearance C. material D. size
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科目：高中英语 来源：浙江平阳三中2010届高三下学期第10次周练英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
C
Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have experienced an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock(家畜) to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for pig producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make shocking changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear（修剪） sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete change of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
49. Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
A. The first sentence of the third paragraph.
B. The first sentence of the second paragraph.
C. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
D. The last sentence of the second paragraph.
50. According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.
A. how much money they can earn from their products
B. whether to plant a certain kind of crop
C. what livestock to raise D. when to sell their products
51. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.
B. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.
C. Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms.
D. Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do
nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms.
52. What is the best title for the whole passage?
A. Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend B. Farmers in The Future
C. The Agricultural Revolution D. Computers and Robots
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届广东省高三第四次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
1.Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
|
A．The first sentence of the first paragraph. |
|
B．The first sentence of the second paragraph. |
|
C．The first sentence of the third paragraph. |
|
D．The last sentence of the second paragraph. |
2. according to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.
|
A．how much money they can earn from their products |
|
B．whether to plant a certain kind of crop |
|
C．what livestock to raise |
|
D．when to sell their products |
3.Which of the following statements is true?
|
A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers. |
|
B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms. |
|
C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present. |
|
D．Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms. |
4.according to the engineers, _______will be done by robots in the near future.
|
A．all farm work |
B．milking cows |
|
C．most of the farm work |
D．some farm work |
5.What is the best title for the whole passage?
|
A．Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend |
B．Farmers in The Future |
|
C．The Agricultural Revolution |
D．Computers and Robots |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年宁夏高三第二次月考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have experienced an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm puter. A few forward-looking farmers are already using puters to help them run their farms more efficiently. The puters help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock(家畜) to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many puter panies have been developing special puter programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for pig producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase puter programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of puters on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take puter classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on puters even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on puter power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that puter-aided robots will make shocking changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear（修剪） sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even plex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is pleted, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The plete change of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
1.Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
A. The first sentence of the third paragraph.
B. The first sentence of the second paragraph.
C. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
D. The last sentence of the second paragraph.
2. According to the passage, puters can not help farmers decide _______.
A. how much money they can earn from their products
B. whether to plant a certain kind of crop
C. what livestock to raise
D. when to sell their products
3.Which of the following statements is true?
A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on puters.
B. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.
C. Both puters and robots have been in use on today’s farms.
D. Students at agricultural colleges must take puter classes because they can do
Nothing without the help of puters on today’s farms.
4.What is the best title for the whole passage?
A. puter, Farmers’ Best Friend B. Farmers in The Future
C. The Agricultural Revolution D. puters and Robots
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