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12.Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too?Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself?Well,apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (镜像神经元) in our brains.
Put simply,the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains copy it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.But the idea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel.Researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:The hand took hold of the ball),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior.Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.However,it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and communicate.Indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for neuroscience of what Enstein's theory of relativity was for physics.And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does-well,perhaps you'll understand why.

32.Mirror neurons can explainC.
A.why we cry when we are hurt
B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C.why we smile when we see someone else smile
D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
33.The underlined word"triggered"in Paragraph 3probably means"B".
A.broken upB.set ofC.built upD.cut off
34.Which of the following statements is TRUE about mirror neurons?D
A.They result in bad behavior and social disorders
B.They control human physical actions and feelings
C.They determine our knowledge and language abilities
D.They relate to human behavior and communication
35.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.Existence of mirror neurons.
B.Functions of mirror neurons.
C.Ways to find mirror neurons.
D.Problems of mirror neurons.

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,属于说明文,你知道别人打呵欠你也跟着打呵欠,在众多正在大笑的人群中而你很难不笑吗?这是你的神经元起作用,本文主要讲述神经元对于人类的行为和人类互动的作用.

解答 32.答案:C.细节理解题.根据第二段第一句话theexistence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else dosomething,our brains imitate (模仿)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.可知,镜像神经元可以解释为什么我们微笑当我们看到别人微笑.故选C.
33.答案:B.词义猜测题.根据下文的perform和本句的含义可知"如果他们给人们一些句子来听,那么他们就会发出同样的神经元和进行一些行为动作一样.所以划线部分单词意为"发出"和set off近义.故选B.
34.答案:D.推理判断题.根据最后一段第一句Researchinto mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerninghow humans behave and interact(互动)可知,它们与人类行为和沟通相关.故选D.
35.答案:B.主旨大意题.根据第一段的疑问句引出神经元和下文解释神经元对于人类行为和互动提供更多的信息可以知道,本文主要告诉我们mirror neurons的作用,B项能概括文章大意.故选B.

点评 本文是一篇说明文,题目涉及细节理解题,词义猜测题,推理判断题,主旨大意题,做题时应结合文章上下文内容并根据所给选项的含义进行分析,从而得出正确答案.切记胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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