Activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud．Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.
One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud．As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.
Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media（媒介）on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.
1．Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century
A．Because silent reading had not been discovered.
B．Because there were few places for private reading.
C．Because few people could read for themselves.
D．Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.
2．The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed .
A．a change in the position of literate people
B．a change in the nature of reading
C．an increase in the number of books
D．an increase in the average age of readers
3．Educations are still arguing about .
A．the importance of silent reading
B．the amount of information provided by books and newspapers
C．the effects of reading on health
D．the value of different types of reading material
4．What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?
A．To explain how present-day reading habits developed.
B．To change people's way to read.
C．To show how reading methods have improved.
D．To encourage the growth of reading.
同步练习强化拓展系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：学习·探究·诊断 高二英语(下) 题型：022
短文填空
Jumping rope is an activity any student can learn to do. You can help turn a 1 rope for many others to jump o 2 , one at a time. If you jump alone, you will need a short rope w 3 should be just long enough for your height. T 4 ropes of different lengths until you find o 5 which fits your size.
A rope should be turned slowly. It must also be turned h 6 enough to let you jump freely and safely. T 7 the rope freely and safely requires careful timing. In rope jumping, timing m 8 turning the rope slowly enough so that you can jump at the r 9 time without it striking your f 10 .
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Pushing children too hard is a really big social problem that seems to be getting worse．Now we have 6-month-olds in music classes and swimming classes．Parents fear that if other children are attending these classes，they will be holding their own children back if they do not enroll，too．
The other extreme，simply taking a laissez-faire approach and letting children do—or refuse to do—whatever they want，is not the answer either，of course．
Dr Taylor emphasizes that parents need to push their children based on what is best for the children，not what is best for themselves．If children understand that an activity is in their best interests，then they will accept it, he finds．
Dr Taylor and other family experts remain pessimistic about the possibilities for widespread social change．“The force of our popular culture，driven by money and superficial（表面上的） values，cannot be resisted，” he says．But change can take place at a“micro-level,” in families and schools．
When changes do occur，the rewards can benefit everyone in the family．One mother supporting this new approach toward parenting mentions the advantages her family experienced after her children cut back on activities．“The biggest thing is that since we have done this，we are rested,” she says．“Not only are our kids rested，because they're not in a ton of stuff, but my husband and I are rested，because we're not driving them everywhere．We weren’t living in the moment when we were always busy．We were living by the schedule．The return on our investment of spending time together has been enormous．”
One of the reasons why parents push children so hard is that they__________.
A. believe in early development in children
B. are too busy to take care of their children
C. don't want their children to lag behindw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
D. want to repeat what their parents did to them
The phrase“a laissez-faire approach”(in Line 1，Paragraph 2)most probably refers to .
A. denying them what they need
B. controlling children in a flexible way
C. developing a keen interest in children
D. letting children do whatever they want
The best way to encourage children to work hard is .
A. to make them believe it’s in their best interests
B. to consider the matter from parents' standpointw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
C. to emphasize the importance of hard work from time to time
D. to make it interesting and enjoyable to them
What the author doesn’t approve of in the essay is _______.
A. achieving a balance between pushing the children too hard and leaving them alone
B. going from one extreme of pushing children too hard to the other of leaving them alone
C. involving children in activity that will probably contribute to their development
D. enrolling them in music and swimming classes at the very early age
The new approach toward parenting mentioned in the passage most likely refers to _______.
A. relieving children’s hard work and unnecessary activity
B. resisting the superficial values of pop culture
C. reducing more activity off their school schedule
D. spending more time with their children
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Pushing children too hard is a really big social problem that seems to be getting worse．Now we have 6-month-olds in music classes and swimming classes．Parents fear that if other children are attending these classes，they will be holding their own children back if they do not enroll，too．
The other extreme，simply taking a laissez-faire approach and letting children do—or refuse to do—whatever they want，is not the answer either，of course．
Dr Taylor emphasizes that parents need to push their children based on what is best for the children，not what is best for themselves．If children understand that an activity is in their best interests，then they will accept it, he finds．
Dr Taylor and other family experts remain pessimistic about the possibilities for widespread social change．“The force of our popular culture，driven by money and superficial（表面上的） values，cannot be resisted，” he says．But change can take place at a“micro-level,” in families and schools．
When changes do occur，the rewards can benefit everyone in the family．One mother supporting this new approach toward parenting mentions the advantages her family experienced after her children cut back on activities．“The biggest thing is that since we have done this，we are rested,” she says．“Not only are our kids rested，because they're not in a ton of stuff, but my husband and I are rested，because we're not driving them everywhere．We weren’t living in the moment when we were always busy．We were living by the schedule．The return on our investment of spending time together has been enormous．”
One of the reasons why parents push children so hard is that they
A. believe in early development in children
B. are too busy to take care of their children
C. don't want their children to lag behindw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
D. want to repeat what their parents did to them
The phrase“a laissez-faire approach”(in Line 1，Paragraph 2)most probably refers to .
A. denying them what they need
B. controlling children in a flexible way
C. developing a keen interest in children
D. letting children do whatever they want
The best way to encourage children to work hard is .
A. to make them believe it’s in their best interests
B. to consider the matter from parents' standpointw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
C. to emphasize the importance of hard work from time to time
D. to make it interesting and enjoyable to them
What the author doesn’t approve of in the essay is _______.
A. achieving a balance between pushing the children too hard and leaving them alone
B. going from one extreme of pushing children too hard to the other of leaving them alone
C. involving children in activity that will probably contribute to their development
D. enrolling them in music and swimming classes at the very early age
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Winter depression (or winter blues) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate. Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder (or SAD) and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states) may suffer from it. Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short 
. The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men.
There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.
Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months.
Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.
If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten
What do we know about winter depression?
A. It is very common where the weather is cold.
B. It may lead to weight gain.
C. It occurs when the temperatures drop.
D. It seldom affects men.
What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?
A. Exposure to natural light.
B. Sports in winter months.
C. Outdoor activities.
D. Sunlight through the window.
What does “to keep the depression at bay” mean in the third paragraph?
A. To shorten the duration of the depression.
B. To use light to resist the depression.
C. To keep the depression manageable and minimal.
D. To delay the occurrence of the depression.
For winter depression, light therapy ___________.
A. is much more effective than other kinds of therapy
B. is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it
C. encourages people to do outdoor exercises
D. needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones
We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. self-help methods do not work 100% of the time
B. medications or psychotherapy is much more effective
C. mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods
D. most people prefer self-help methods to medications
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
阅读下面对话，并根据所给字母提示，在橫线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。
M：Now we have five-day (1) c___________ every week, so we have more spare time than before.
W：Yeah. How do you spend your spare time, Timmy?
M：I have an (2) i___________ in playing the violin and I’ll continue to (3) p ___________ playing it.
W：Do you often go to a concert?
M：Yes , I like (4) l___________ to music. At present my major objective is to learn from others.
W：Do you like classical (5) m___________ or pop?
M：I like both. How do you spend your spare time then, Lily?
W：(6) P___________ the piano is my favorite activity.
M：Our hobbies are (7) s___________ to each other. I hope we can often (8) e___________ experience together.
W：So do I, but I’m weak in the theory of music.
M：Me, too. Would you like to go with me to my uncle’s ? He’s a (9) p___________ at the Institute of Music.
W：I’d be glad to go with you. I will ask him for his (10) a___________.
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