Scientists at Harvard University have recycled a kidney(‘肾)-in a rat. The researchers removed a kidney from a dead rat. Later, the renewed kidney was put into a living rat. It wasn't perfect. It did, however, show signs of working like a kidney should.
"It's really beautiful work," Edward Ross, a kidney researcher at the University of Florida in Gainesville, told Science News. He didn't work on the new study.
Kidneys are bean-shaped and act like guards in the body. They clean the blood by removing waste and extra water. Every day, an adult's kidneys filter(过滤) enough blood to fill a bathtub half full. Along the way, they produce eight cups of urine(尿) from that waste and water. When a person's kidneys fail, all of that waste stays in the body. Such patients can quickly become very sick and die, unless they are regularly connected to a machine that filters their blood.
At any given time, about 100,000 people in the United States are waiting for a replacement kidney. But healthy donated kidneys are difficult to get. Either a living person must donate one, or a kidney must be removed from someone who just died and earlier had agreed to the donation. In either case, people receiving new kidneys face the risk that their bodies will reject the donated ones.
But there may be another option. Researchers use knowledge of living things to grow or improve tissue that can aid human health. Harald Ott's team at Harvard started with a "used" kidney.
Scientists added kidney cells from rats and blood vessel cells from people to the matrix（母体）. These cells attached themselves and began to multiply. Before long, they formed new kidney tissue.
The scientists placed this renewed kidney into another rat. There it produced a small amount of urine. This experiment shows that the lab-grown kidney can do at least some of the work performed by a healthy kidney.
The results are a promising first step toward helping people with serious kidney problems. "This is still very early, but they've come a long way," Ross said.
1.What can we infer from Paragraph l?
A. Biology is a new and helpful science.
B. It's hard to put the rebuilt kidney into the rat.
C. Kidneys are very important to our life.
D. A used kidney may be recycled for new life.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The relationship between kidneys and health.
B. The difficulty of curing serious kidney diseases.
C. The function and importance of kidneys.
D. The methods of curing kidneys diseases.
3.For what purpose does the author use the figure 100,000 in Paragraph 4?
A. To stress used kidneys are hard to get.
B. To show the great need for healthy kidneys.
C. To explain many American people get kidney diseases.
D. To call on people to donate kidneys.
4.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The scientists are satisfied with the result of the experiment.
B. Ross is a kidney expert who is involved in the experiment.
C. The function of the renewed kidney is the same as a healthy kidney.
D. The renewed kidney produced a great deal of urine.
名校课堂系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2014-2015学年重庆巴蜀中学高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
_____ he is enthusiastic and qualified for the job, I see no reason to remove him from office.
A. Provided that B. Even though
C. Unless D. As if
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届湖南长沙第一中学高三上第二次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
we may spend an all night studying before an important exam．We'll most probably rush to rescue a broken down friend in the middle of the nigh， 1. All that can leave you feeling unsure of how you're going to survive the day ahead．If you would like some helpful tips on how to stay alert，read on to find out more：
．Nap
This may seem obvious but it goes without saying that the antidote（解药）to tiredness is sleep. 2.
According to Dr David Dinges，editor of the journal SLEEP，a nap as short as 10minutes can be of benefit to you by moving the brain into slow-wave‘sleep．According to ranges，sleeping for longer than 40 minutes could leave you feeling slightly groggy(昏沉) upon waking，but this will soon wear off. 3.
. 4.
Though this is not a long term solution it does do the trick temporarily．The average person needs around 100-200 milligrams of caffeine.5. The benefits will last for around three to four hours．
A.Caffeine doesn't work．
B．Drink caffeinated drinks．
C．Lack of sleep is becoming more and more common in our society．
D．If you haven't got time for 8 hours then try taking a short nap instead．
E．It will take around 15 to 30 minutes for it to come into effect．
F．Occasionally we are just unable to sleep because of anxiety．
G．You will feel sharper after that．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年四川双流中学高二上学期入学考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Some Britain researchers have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.
The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: ___1.___ The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”
___2.__ It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences. Dr. Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. _3._ “If you cannot see other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. ___4.___ “In the 19th century people started to use the „telegraph' to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.” Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company, “___5._”
A. Love stories are a popular choice.
B. However, this style of talking is not entirely new.
C. Generally, the information was not extremely personal.
D. The more personal information you give, the more friends you can make.
E. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras.
F. If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be?
G. If you didn’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年四川双流中学高二10月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to go against the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science uncovered about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?
To answer these questions, Brooks studies a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a simple description of facts. But Brooks has formed his book in an unusual, and perhaps unfortunate way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole, Brooks’ story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’ attempt to translate his tale into science.
1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.
A. explain where science can be applied
B. show the value of Brooks’ new book
C. remind the reader of the importance of science
D. explain why many writers use science in their works
2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A. Its strong basis.
B. Its clear writing.
C. Its convincing points.
D. Its memorable characters.
3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A. Contradictory. B. Supportive.
C . Cautious. D. Critical.
4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A. Death of the characters.
B. Brooks’ life experience.
C. Problems with the book.
D. Brooks’ translation skills.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年内蒙古呼伦贝尔大杨镇二中高二上期末模拟英语卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。
When was the last time you had great fun with your family?1. So stand up and plan to have fun with your family．
Going to the zoo is definitely a number-one pick for family activities．Other than visiting animals，most zoos nowadays have rides that you can enjoy with your family．Meals are served in the zoo2.To add some fun，ask to be the photographer for the day and you might be surprised by how creative you can be．
3.Even though you might not be really keen on outdoor activities，you can still enjoy your time by playing together after having your lunch．
Visiting the nation's capital would be your choice if you want to go on a trip with your family．Learn more about the history by visiting historical sites． 4.
A treasure hunt is a popular activity，so going hunting with your family is a nice choice．You can train yourself by asking to be the person in charge who can hold the treasure map and make decisions．
Create a video clip with your family．Make your family the characters in the clip．You may talk about your family life in the clip，about your interests or even create a drama．
5. Plant flowers and mow（修剪）the lawn．After a day of hard work，you can all sit back and enjoy a barbecue at your beautifully cleaned backyard．
A．History creates topics for you and your family．
B．Family is always the most valuable thing in life．
C．At bedtime read to your young kids and read with your elder kids．
D．Bring your own snacks if you want to save some money．
E．Here are two examples．
F．Having a picnic at the park is also a good activity for your family．
G．Doing some yard work together can also be a fun quality time for your family
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年甘肃天水市高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Dr．Michael Prager, a leading Botox expert, said that a growing number of women are developing something called “computer face”．He also mentioned that professionals who worked long hours in front of a screen were ending up with saggy jowls(颚骨), “turkey neck” and deep-set wrinkles on their forehead and around their eyes．
The Botox expert said that, of all his clients, office workers were most likely to show premature(过早的)signs of ageing．“If you are one of the unfortunate people who frown(皱眉)while you are concentrating on the screen then, over time, you will inevitably end up with frown lines,” Dr．Prager said．“What is perhaps more surprising is the number of women with saggy jowls because they are sitting in one position for so long．If you spend most of the time looking down then the neck muscles shorten and go saggy, eventually giving you a second neck．“
Dr．Prager, who has a practice near Harley Street in London, said he encourages his clients to put a mirror next to their computer so they can see if they are frowning at the screen．“When people are stressed or thinking hard about something, then they will often put on a ‘grumpy(脾气暴躁的)face’ without even knowing what they are doing．When my clients put a mirror next to their desk, they are often shocked by the angry, frowning face which stares back at them．”
He said, “The women I am seeing at the moment have only been using computers at work for the last decade or so．But women in their 20s have grown up with them and use them for every single task．I think the problem is going to become much, much worse．In another ten years, they could be looking quite awful．”
Dr．Prager said there were several simple steps which could avoid “computer face” such as regular screen breaks and stretching the neck muscles．And, of course, there was always Botox．He said that, after a couple of sessions of Botox, the habit of “grumpy face” could be broken．
1.In what way do women develop a “computer face”?
A．Frowning every now and then．
B．Concentrating on computers frequently．
C．Working for too long in front of a screen．
D．Sitting in the same place for a long time．
2.According to the passage, which of the following are signs of ageing?
A．Saggy jowls and short necks．
B．Turkey neck and frown lines．
C．Deep-set wrinkles and angry faces．
D．Second neck and stressed muscles．
3.From the last 2 paragraphs, we can learn that ______．
A．“computer face” is avoidable
B．we should give up using computers
C．we should break the habit of “grumpy face”
D．the younger generation is worse at computers
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届湖南长沙长郡中学高三下学期第六次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a drink for comfort. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it's the latter.
Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their jobs show similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. Although a newly jobless person's mental health may“bottom out" after about six months, and then even begin to improve, the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse", Burchell says.
Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but invisible threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety,for example, while waiting for examination results than knowing what they are suffering from-even if the result is cancer. It's better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than wait with anxiety. When the uncertainty continues, people stay in a nonstop “fight or flight" response, which leads to damaging stress.
But not every employee in insecure industries has such a discouraging view,Burchell says. In general, women get on better. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains, “For women, most studies show that any job-it doesn't matter
whether it is secure or insecure-gives psychological improvement over unemployment. " Burchell supposes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man's self-worth depends on his job.
1.Why do researchers think the still employed deserve sympathy more?
A. They have to do more work since then.
B. They have no chance to find better jobs.
C. They have to work with inexperienced workers.
D. They constantly worry about losing their jobs.
2.What is most likely to cause a “fight or flight" response?
A. Not having a paid job.
B. Fierce competition for jobs.
C. Not knowing what will happen.
D. Pressure to work longer hours.
3.What will the writer talk about following the last paragraph?
A. Advice on preparing a job interview.
B. Advice to those in insecure industries.
C. Some knowledge of psychology.
D. Difference in men and women.
4. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Is it less stressful to get laid off than stay on?
B. Should greater sympathy be given to the jobless?
C. Do employees bear more stress than ever before?
D. Do men or women show higher levels of anxiety?
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江西樟树中学、高安二中高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入适当的词（不多于3个单词）或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
One day the employees of a large company in St.Louis, Missouri returned from their lunch break. They were greeted with ____1.____sign on the front door. The sign said, “Yesterday the person who had been preventing your growth in this company passed away. We invite you to join the funeral____2.___(prepare)in the gym.
At first everyone was sad to hear that one of their colleagues had died, ____3.____after a while they started getting curious___4.___who this person might be. The __5.___(excite) grew as the employees arrived at the gym to pay_6.___last respects.
One by one the employees got close to the coffin. When they looked inside, they ____7.___(sudden) became speechless. They stood by the coffin, ____8.___ silence. They stood there as if someone___9.____(touch) the deepest part of their soul. There was a mirror inside the coffin: everyone ___10.____ looked inside it could see himself. There was also a sign next to the mirror that said, “There is only one person who is capable to set limits to your growth: it is you.”
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