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3.A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants-the Asian elephant,African forest elephant and African savanna (热带草原) elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils,mammoths and mastodons,the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years.The separation of the two species took place around the time of the separation of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been a debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously,many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants'significant size differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons,roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However,the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca,assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois,said,"We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation (保护) purpose.Since 1950all African elephants have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals,the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conservation purpose."

70.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that ofD.
A.the Asian elephant                  
B.the forest elephant
C.the savanna elephant                
D.the mastodon elephant
71.The researcher's conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant'sA.
A.DNA           B.height          C.weight        D.population
72.Alfred Roca's words were mainly aboutB.
A.the purpose of studying African elephants
B.the conservation of African elephants
C.the way to divide African elephants into two units
D.the reason for the distinction of African elephants
73.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?C
A.Naturalist's Belief about Elephants.
B.Amazing Experiment about Elephants.
C.An Unexpected Finding about Elephants.
D.A Long scientific Debate about Elephants.

分析 本文是一篇议论文,其论点是最近的一项对古代和现代大象的研究提出了一个意想不到的结论:既非洲象分为两个截然不同的品种.之后运用了论据加以证明,其中还引用了Alfred Roca的话,并提出了要对非洲象进行保护.

解答 70.D 细节理解题.由题干中的"fossils",再结合文中第二段的第一句:Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils,mammoths and mastodons,the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.一旦他们从两个化石(猛犸象和乳齿象)获得DNA序列,团队就会比较现代大象的DNA.故选D.
71.A 细节理解题.根据文中倒数第二段的最后一句However,the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.题中conclusion,based on定位,与文中lay in 同义替换.故选A.
72.B 理解推断题.由题中的Alfred Roca's,找到文章的倒数第一段Since 1950all African elephants have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals,the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conservation purpose.再结合选项可知是关于对非洲大象的保护.故选B.
73.C 标题判断题.文章首句即点明主旨A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species.故选C.

点评 考点:本文考察了学生的议论文型阅读理解,需要学生认真阅读原文,仔细查找文中细节,对文章脉络有整体的了解,能根据文章进行合理推断.

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Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals,where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist.Without such problems,animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.
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To learn more about how captivity(监禁) affects elephants,a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care,documenting factors such as birth dates,illnesses,weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40years of data on 800African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps伐木场),over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9years.Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56years--more than three times as long.Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern.In zoos,they lived 18.9years,while those in the logging camps lived 41.7years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts.Georgia Mason,a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study,thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame.Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild,and most are very fat.Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild,where they live in large herds and family groups.
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C.Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
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