We regularly hear how important consumer spending is for the economy. The story goes like this：the more consumers spend，the more money circulates in the economy, which contributes to healthy job growth and profits. Keynes, a British economist，went as far as to say that individuals saving their money may actually be hurting the economy. Sounds troubling, doesn’t it?

Fear not. You aren’t actually hurting anyone else by saving money. Strong economic growth only comes from one place：savings. Not consumption. In fact，economic activity should not be mistaken for economic growth. For example，somebody takes their money, walks into a store, and purchases goods. The store increases its revenue.

But what happens to all of those goods and services that people have chosen not to consume by saving their money? Simple：Other people are allowed to consume them. Think of it this way：When you lend out your savings, you are actually saying，“Here, I am not going to consume right now, so why don’t you?” Banks simply play the middleman：they collect lots of people’s savings and then lend out lots of funds.

It takes an unbelievable amount of goods and services to construct a building. It takes food, shelter, and entertainment for all of the workers, as well. Without savings，it is quite impossible to finance such a construction. The coordination(协调)between savings and consumption is a necessary basis for sound economic growth. This coordination is also why consumer lending (say , to borrow a big sum of money to buy a car) is not productive，in a strict sense. It doesn’t increase the net (净的) amount of wealth of an economy. Those savings could have been used to construct, say, factory equipment.

None of this means consumption and spending are “bad” things. They simply do not make us wealthier. After all, the final goal of production and savings is to consume. But to say that consumption is the engine of economic growth is to put the cart before the horse. Or, to rephrase: the consumption of wealth can never make you wealthier. Happier, perhaps. Wealthier, no.

1.What is the author’s attitude towards Keynes’ theory?

A. Approving. B. Reserved(矜持的).

C. Uncertain. D. Critical.

2.The underlined word “revenue” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to‘‘_________”.

A. cost B. reputation

C. interestD. income

3.According to the author, which chart could show the effect of savings on economy?

4.What would be the best title for this passage?

A. The Saving Behavior of the Economy

B. Consumption：a Key Concept in Economy

C. Consumer Spending and Economic Growth

D. The Truth about Savings and Consumption

1.People choose Café en Seine most probably because they enjoy _____as well as its cocktails and service

A. its location B. its history

C. its decoration D. its environment

2.“Guinness” in Gravediggers probably refers to ________.

A. a kind of teaB. a kind of beer

C. the name of the bossD. the name of the town

3.We can infer that Davy Byrne’s is ________.

A. a newly-opened bar

B. an old-fashioned bar

C. a bar with a long history

D. a bar popular with foreigners

4.What do Café en Seine and Davy Byrne’s have in common?

A. Their represent the same architecture style.

B. They give the same description about transport.

C. They both serve cocktails and tasty Irish food

D. They are both popular with the rugby crowd.

Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck”. Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make. Now scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speak.

Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels' alarm calls. The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍）their responses. Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的）. Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.

"In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say 'there's an enemy of average threat that's here', and whistles without chucks say 'there's an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere', while pure chirps say, 'I'm hiding here because there's an immediate danger. ' " Hare told. Discovery News.

Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds are part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems.

Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behavior, thus increasing the caller’s social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.

In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language too. According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees' calls, such as directing fellows' activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms.

While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽）. Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals”.

1.The text mainly talks about _______ .

A. the ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies

B. the comparison between squirrels and chickadees

C. the calling for the protection of squirrels

D. the study on the language of squirrels

2.If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make ____.

A. whistles with chucks B. pure chirps

C. whistles without chucks D. repeated chucks

3.The underlined word “tidings” in paragraph 6 probably means ____.

A. difficulties B. noises

C. messages D. languages

4.What can be learned from this text?

A. Squirrels communicate with each other as humans do.

B. Some squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.

C. Other animals also well understand the language of squirrels.

D. Birds such as chickadees don’t have their own language.

Everyone may have a complex and different process of growing up. There are many influential factors in a person’s growth and 1. (发展) of his personality.

As for me, 2. has affected me most in my growth and personality is my family and friends, the two 3. (同等地) important factors. After I was b 4. , my family is the first surroundings. It plays a significant r5. in shaping my character because it’s the most direct source of knowledge and experience for me. As we know, those who are brought 6. in good families tend to have a good character and vice versa. Fortunately, I belong to the 7. (前者). Besides, friends in some ways influence me a lot. Although, we may have many different opinions and personalities, I have really learned something 8. (有益的) from them.

Frankly s 9. , I get lots of valuable things from my family and friends. My family offers me warmth and cares, while my friends give me strength and courage. Therefore, 10. of them have influenced me most in my growth.

假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）。

注意：1. 词数100左右；文章开头已写出，不计入总词数。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 参考词汇：住宿accommodation

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am a student in China and I plan to

It is hoped that one day all the wild animals shut up in the cages will be set free to nature and live happily in wild.

A. / ; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /

By the year of 2053 there will be 487 million aged people in China， means that one third of the population will be over 60.

A. that B. which C. what D. where

Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain, and

to human health.

A. frequently B. significantly

C. steadily D. consequently

-----How dangerous it was !

-----Yes, but for the young man’s quick action, he run over by the car.

A. should have been B. would be

C. could have been D. might be