Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.

Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far

more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.

It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的) In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.

1.. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.

A. preparing a topic list first                             

B. focusing on one’s own mind

C. directing the talk to the desired results           

D. experiencing the speaker’s inside world

2.. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2 ?

A. How to listen well.                                      

B. What to listen to.

C. Benefits of listening.                                    

D. Problems in listening

3.According to the author , in communication people tend to ________.

A. listen actively                                              

B. listen purposefully

C. set aside their prejudices                              

D. open up their inner mind

4. According to the author , the patients improved mainly because _______.

A. they were taken good care of.                      

B. they knew they were truly listened to.

C. they had partners to talk to.                          

D. they knew the roots of problems.

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked - remotely - to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid - that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of "open online courses." Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information, such as the telephone number they once used.

Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.

1.Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A．To correct her typing mistakes.

B．To find her secrets in the room.

C．To prevent her from slowing down.

D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

2. The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______.

A．advanced techniqueB．sharpening tool

C．effective rule D．dividing line

3.For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if _____.

A．they can attract potential students

B．they can defeat academic cheating

C．they offer students online help

D．they offer many online courses

Urbanization

Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago 1. . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.

Britain was only the beginning.  2. .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and

where they live.

In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.  3. .

Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _ 4. . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.

Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country  5._ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.

A. That kept cities very small.

B. The rest live in small towns.

C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.

D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.

E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.

F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英主事课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请您修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语文错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜钱（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My parents and I went to the park on last Sunday. There were lots of visitors stood in front of the ticket window. We waited a long time and buy three tickets. In the Tiger Mountain of the park, I was too eager to see the fierce frightened animals that I quickened my steps through the crowd. Unfortunate, I got separated from my parents. I had hard time looking for him, but I had no luck. Wandering in the park, I felt alone without any companions. Worse still, I had no money, so I had to walk home, covered as much as 5 kilometers.

2012伦敦奥运会展示了我国体育强国的实力，孙杨等奥运冠军已逐渐成为青少年的偶像。“如何与奥运冠军一同成长”已成为各级学校、教育机构青少年的热点话题。请根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。

内容要点如下：

1．奥运冠军的共同点：①追求卓越；②尊重他人(对手，裁判，媒体等)；③永不言败。

2．如何做生活中的冠军：①明确的目标是动力的源泉；②专注和良好的心态是成功的决定因素；③你的观点(至少两点)。

注意：1.对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥；

2．词数100左右。短文中已写好的部分，不计入总词数；

3．参考词汇：追求pursue; 卓越excellence; 因素factor

Boys and girls，

Our great motherland has seen 2012 London Olympic Games, and we admire all the Olympic Champions very much.

That's all. Thank you!

When Armida Armato’s daughter, Alexia, came home from school one day last year keen to go on a school trip to Ecuador, she wasn’t too sure how to feel. She was happy that her daughter could experience something she never did as a teen but was fearful of letting her travel to such a remote part of the world.

Alexia was 16 at the time, a student at Westwood High School. The school sponsored a humanitarian trip for 26 students and two teachers to spend 18 days living in a mountain village to build a one-room school. Even though Armato trusted her daughter, the other students and the teachers, she was worried about the side effects from the travel vaccines, possible accidents, and medical care.

Now that Alexia was home, Armato said she saw her daughter’s new maturity, greater confidence and independence. “This is the best thing I ever did,” Alexia said. “The experience was so eye-opening and life-changing. You’re with people who are not as lucky as you are. They live in very poor conditions but they’re so happy and outgoing. You say, ‘My God. I’m taking everything for granted back home.’”

She said they built a one-room school from scratch with no mechanical cement mixers. They used their hands, shovels and basic tools. She and another student lived with a local family in a small village about eight hours outside the capital, Quito. Despite the initial strangeness and knowing only basic Spanish, she said they grew very close and felt like a family.

Every year, groups of students at Montreal High School like Alexia pack their bags and fly off with classmates and teachers to developing countries where they volunteer for a variety of projects.

“Armato’s worries are very common among parents,” says Bill Nevin, a teacher at St. George’s High School. He organizes a humanitarian rip to India to the Sheela Bal Bhavan orphanage and says the three biggest fears families have are health, security and contact.

1.When hearing the news that her daughter would go on a school trip to Ecuador, Armato was _______.

A. proud and happy B. supportive but concerned

C. fearful and nervous D. excited but puzzled

2.The underlined phrase “from scratch” in Paragraph 4 probably means “______”.

A. having great help B. using high technology

C. ending up in failure D. starting from the beginning

3.What would be the best title for the text?

A. Volunteering helps students grow and develop.

B. School trips make parents worried about their children.

C. Ecuador is the most attractive travel destination in the world.

D. Brave Alexia dreams to work in Ecuador one day.

Homestay UK/Great Britain

Here you will find a selection of homestay hosts and host families in the UK. If you want to learn more about the British host family of your choice, please click on information at www. Homestaybooking. Com. You will then see a personal introduction of the UK homestay host. If you don’t want to search yourself, just register for free and receive our matching recommendations.

Chika and Tara from London, the United Kingdom

Information about the homestay host

Chika is 28 years old. She is away from home most of the time. Tara is 18 years old. She is at home every day. They both speak English.

Chika and Tara’s guests can stay for at least 5 nights and up to a maximum of 365 nights. Chika and Tara have no children living at home. It is a non-smoking residence(住宅). No pets live in this household.

Information about the homestay accommodation

The accommodation is in London. The name of the neighborhood is Greenwich. The distance to the city center is 1.6km. The next access point to public transport is at 15 m distance.

Three guests can stay in Tara and Chika’s house at the same time. The following accommodation is generally available:

Single room with shared use of the family bathroom

*Size: 12.0 ㎡

*Facilities: desk, Internet access, mirror, hairdryer and wardrobe(衣橱)

*Price per night per person: ￡20.00 per night(one single)

Twin room with shared use of the family bathroom

*Size: 15.0 ㎡

*Facilities: TV, desk, Internet access, mirror, hairdryer and wordrobe

*Price per night per person:

￡20.00 per night(one guest)

￡17.00 per night(two guests)

The room charge includes the following services: Internet access, regular room cleaning, breakfast, free use of the washing machine.

Additional available service at an extra charge: Pick-up service(￡60.00 one-way); Lunch(￡6.00 per person per day); Dinner(￡6.00 per person per night)

Vegetarian(素食的) meals are available.

1.Chika and Tara’s house would be a good choice for _______.

A. a pet lover B. a heavy smoker

C. a person who eats no meat D. one who needs a one-night stay

2.What do we know about Chika and Tara’s house?

A. It lies in the center of the city.

B. It is not far away from Greenwich.

C. Public transport is convenient there.

D. The distance from the house to London is 1.6 km.

3.If Mary chooses a twin room and pick-up service(two-way), how much should she pay per day?

A. ￡140. B. ￡137. C. ￡80. D. ￡77

As many as 4 out of every 1,000 infants born today have permanent hearing loss. When parents learn that their child has hearing loss, they are faced with many difficult decisions. These decisions can include choosing therapies and schools, as well as finding financial help for hearing aids or cochlear implants (人工耳蜗). Help Me Hear Foundation is a public charity that gives the gift of hearing to deaf children from families existing on very low incomes around the world. The foundation offers life-changing services for impoverished families, and provides real help for children with hearing impairment who may otherwise be left behind in schools or society due to their lack of hearing.

Help Me Hear Foundation believes that a child’s first years of development are critical. Being able to hear is vital to human, and Help Me Hear Foundation seeks to provide a positive lasting impression on society through its programs. Help Me Hear Foundation has many goals, including relieving the burden on communities with hearing-impaired infants and children, and strengthening the social structure of families and neighborhoods.

Recipients of Help Me Hear Foundation’s benefits receive state-of-the-art hearing devices that otherwise would cost thousands of dollars per child over the course of their lifetime. The Foundation raises money through donations for hearing aids and cochlear implants, which saves recipients and their families on average over $50,000 on related expenses.

The Foundation tries to be a transparent charity, and wants to be a catalyst for allowing deaf and hearing-impaired children to develop in a typical fashion alongside their peers.

Needy families can obtain information on specific services, and find out about deafness education by visiting the Help Me Hear Foundation’s website. The website offers helpful information on how hearing aids work, and how hearing aids ease many of the learning and language challenges that hearing-impaired children deal with on a daily basis.

1.Help Me Hear Foundation was probably set up to _____.

A. build schools for deaf children

B. research deaf children’s behavior

C. protect deaf children from being ignored

D. offer real help to poor deaf children

2.We learn from the text that _____.

A. the local government is in charge of the foundation

B. the work of the foundation depends on donations

C. even blind children can turn to the foundation

D. poor deaf African children cannot get help from the foundation

3.Visit the foundation’s website, and you will learn about _____.

A. the function of hearing aids

B. the specific services the foundation needs

C. the challenges that children face every day

D. the prices of a variety of hearing aids

4.For whom is the text most probably written?

A. Poor parents who have deaf children.

B. Doctors who want to improve skills.

C. Students who cannot see the blackboard clearly.

D. Teachers who have deaf children in their class.

5.The author writes the text mainly to _____.

A. tell how to avoid permanent hearing loss

B. explain how hard a life deaf children live

C. introduce Help Me Hear Foundation

D. advise people to give money to Help Me Hear Foundation

Have you ever noticed that the more you have the more you want? Let’s face it. Thinking our life is good enough doesn’t come naturally to many people. When we have high expectations of everything in life we will run into disappointment. Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live with satisfaction. Here are a few ideas to help you be happier with what you have and who you are.

Focus on what you are thankful for. Most people want things to be better than they are, or when things are going well, we forget to appreciate what we have. Learn to reflect on how much better things are than they could be. Focus on what you are thankful for. Write down 5 things you are grateful for right now.

When we hold onto regrets from decisions we have made, it can really poison our well-being. Many people regret something they can no longer change, which ends up holding them back from moving forward in a more positive manner. What happened in the past is done and gone, so work to stay present and be mindful of the current moment to find more joy and fulfillment.

When we use other people as the measuring stick for our personal success and quality of life we are likely to be less satisfied. Social comparisons can provide useful information when we try to learn from others, but they also hold our perspective in a discontented position. Compare yourself less with others so you can be satisfied more.

When you are focused on your big ambitions and future goals you might elide the daily pleasures that surround you. Learn to slow down and absorb the wonder and beauty around you. Stay present and focus on the task you’re undertaking at the moment. Don’t let the life pass you by because you’re always on the go and distracted by ambition.

Practice looking at life through the lens of contentment and it will become more natural.

1.How can we live with contentment?

A. To change our lifestyle.

B. To have a motivation in life.

C. To give less attention to what we are grateful for.

D. To realize the difference between needs and desires.

2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Make wise decisions. B. Know the present situation

C. Let go of regrets. D. Remember the past.

3.The underlined word “elide”(in Paragraph 5) probably means “__”.

A. enjoy B. change C. create D. neglect

4.What should you do to put yourself in a good mood?

A. Make time for simple pleasures.

B. Learn from successful people.

C. Focus on your future goals.

D. Create chance to learn more.

Mary is digging in the ground for a photo, when along comes John. Seeing that there is no one in sight, John starts to scream. John’s angry mother rushes over and drives Mary away. Once his mum has gone, John helps himself to Mary’s potato.

We’ve all experienced similar annoying tricks when we were young—the brother who stole your ball and then got you into trouble by telling your parents you had hit him. But Mary and John are not humans. They’re African baboons(狒狒). ___1.___

John’s scream and his mother’s attack on Mary could have been a matter of chance, but John was later seen playing the same tricks on others. ___2.___

Studying behavior like this is complicated but scientists discovered apes(猿) clearly showed that they intended to cheat and knew when they themselves had been cheated. ___3.___ An ape was annoying him, so he tricked her into going away by pretending he had seen something interesting. When she found nothing, she “walked back, hit me over the head with her hand and ignored me for the rest of the day.”

Another way to decide whether an animal’s behavior is deliberate is to look for actions that are not normal for that animal. A zoo worker describes how an ape dealt with an enemy. “He slowly stole up behind the other ape, walking on tiptoe. When he got close to his enemy, he pushed him violently in the back, then ran indoors.” Wild apes do not normally walk on tiptoe. ____4.___ But looking at the many cases of deliberate trickery in apes, it is impossible to explain them all as simple copying.

It seems that trickery does play an important part in ape societies. ____5.___ Studying the intelligence of our closest relative could be the way to understand the development of human intelligence.

A. In most cases the animal probably doesn’t know it is cheating.

B. An amusing example of this comes from a psychologist working in Tanzania.

C. And playing tricks is as much a part of monkey behavior as it is of human behavior.

D. So the psychologists asked his colleagues if they had noticed this kind of trickery.

E. The ability of animals to cheat may be a better measure of their intelligence than their use of tools

F. This use of a third individual to achieve a goal is only one of the many tricks commonly used by baboons.

G. Of course it’s possible that it could have learnt from humans that such behavior works, without understanding why.