—Shall we make an appointment at 9 o’clock this Sunday morning?

—________. I will be available the whole morning.

A. It counts for nothing B. That suits me fine

C. It makes no difference D. Go right ahead

完形填空,请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, normally temporary, consequence of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important relationship. In these cases, loneliness may both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping of social circles. The loss of a significant person in one's life will lead to a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the of others.

There are many different ways used to treat loneliness. The first step that most doctors to patients is treatment. Short term treatment typically over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During treatment, emphasis is put understanding the cause of the problem, thoroughly changing the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel . Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system.

treatment is animal-assisted treatment. Studies and surveys indicate that the of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for with other pet owners. Results of a study also suggest that improper socialcognition (认知) offers the best chance of reducing loneliness.

, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the with poet Emily Dickinson, and many musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities.

1.A. however B. or C. but D. though

2.A. short-term B. long-term C. abstract D. concrete

3.A. break B. suffer C. result D. benefit

4.A. turning out B. dropping out C. falling out D. putting out

5.A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. casually

6.A. charge B. company C. face D. absence

7.A. commit B. submit C. recommend D. resign

8.A. hits B. occurs C. strikes D. turns

9.A. in B. to C. for D. on

10.A. negative B. explicit C. positive D. original

11.A. affected B. touched C. disconnected D. connected

12.A. One B. Other C. Another D. The other

13.A. presence B. switch C. control D. management

14.A. speed B. save C. ease D. solve

15.A. Beyond B. Except C. Without D. With

16.A. wrestling B. training C. popularizing D. socializing

17.A. calculating B. correcting C. assessing D. transmitting

18.A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Though

19.A. turn B. case C. way D. return

20.A. yet B. still C. just D. rather

What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every imaginable apparatus(设备) to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion.

But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.

Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never stop.

1.The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.

A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.

B.a new building material will have been invented.

C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.

D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.

2.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___.

A.is difficult to foresee.

B. will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.

C. will be how to feed the ever growing population.

D.is the question of finding enough ground space.

3.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___.

A. the population growth will be the greatest.

B. standards of building are low.

C. only minimum shelter will be possible.

D. there is not enough ground space.

4.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?

A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.

B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.

C. Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.

D. Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.

Analysis of the composition of quicksand shows that there are four key ingredients—sand, obviously water, clay and salt. Together these materials form a structure resembling a house of cards, with large water-filled gaps between the sand particles, which are loosely glued in place by the clay. As long as it’s left alone, the structure remains stable. But as soon as it’s disturbed, by stepping on it, the clay changes from a jelly-like consistency to a runny liquid. The effect is the same as stirring a pot of yoghurt. Liquefying(溶解)the clay makes the quicksand about one million times runnier, and the whole house of cards comes tumbling down, with you inside it.

Very quickly, the sand sinks to the bottom and the water floats to the top. This is where the salt comes in. When there’s enough salt present, as soon as the clay particles liquefy, electrical charges make them begin to stick together to form bigger particles and these also settle with the sand. Quicksand is a mixture which looks like solid, but behaves more like a liquid.

Despite its murderous reputation, quicksand does not such people under and swallow them, although it can hold a person in firm grip. The human body is more buoyant(有浮力) in quicksand than in water, and sooner or later anyone trapped in it will float.

Unlike most liquids, quicksand’s viscosity, or “runniness” can suddenly change if it comes under pressure, for example under a human foot. The surface gives way and the victim quickly sinks in up to the knees, surrounded by an area of dirty things that turns semi-solid around its victim. Escaping from the quicksand’s grip(紧握) requires a large amount of force. Without something solid to pull at, people often find they are stuck fast. Pulling at one leg simply makes the other one sink further.

So how do you escape from quicksand’s control? Stay still and call for help. Staying still stops you sinking any further, until--with luck--help arrives on the scene. If no one appears and you need to draw yourself out, gently lie down on your back until your body is floating on the sand. Next, roll over onto your stomach and pull yourself forwards with your hands, so that you gradually “swim” towards firmer ground. It is a slow and dirty business, but it works.

This technique has one barrier: it goes against a very powerful human nature. Faced with danger in the open, nine out of ten stay on their feet so that they can run away, in which case it can worsen the situation.

1.Which ingredient of the quicksand make someone trapped in it stuck and stuck fast?

A. Sand B. Clay C. Water D. Salt

2.From the passage we can learn that ________

A. as long as you are strong enough, you can pull yourself up from quicksand on your own

B. clay glues sand particles loosely, which makes quicksand stable, unless it is disturbed

C. because anyone trapped in quicksand will float, there is little possibility of him dying

D. looking like solid ground, quicksand is actually liquid

3.If someone is trapped in quicksand, what should he do?

A. Remain calm and wave for help

B. Stand in quicksand and get ready to run away as quickly as possible

C. “Swimming” is one of the best choices he can use to escape

D. Once in quicksand, lie down on his stomach immediately and swim slowly to safety

4. What might be the best title of the passage?

A. A human killer--quicksand

B. How to escape from danger

C. An awful experience in quicksand

D. What to do if trapped in quicksand

The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.

The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?

The word tolerance means to bear, or to bear with. If I tolerate something or someone, I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him. I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisy neighbour. The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon, which I find difficult to bear. A bad smell or a noisy neighbour is considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon. By tolerating either of them, I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena. Let's be honest: I don't have a different taste when it comes to bad smells. I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears. I don't respect the noisy neighbour. I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace.

To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbour to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people.

Now, let's try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own. I may have a strong view, which is opposed to his. Quite frankly, I may decide to tolerate his view. By so doing, I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic. I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisy neighbour. Thus, to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act. To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisy neighbour, could hardly be considered virtuous.

The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated. If I tolerate you, I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared, although unwillingly, to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions. That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other. However, this attitude by such an individual, though empirically true, is hardly a virtue. Certainly, the fact that an individual, in reality, may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue. One cannot tolerate an equal being. True equality involves respect, not toleration. To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him. This is the true meaning of equality: diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting.

The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems. We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance.

A tolerant attitude involves the grant of a favour, not a right. The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us, as individuals and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favour rather than a right? Indeed, would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us?

1. The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.

A. tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies

B. democratic society always advocates tolerance

C. people’s understanding of tolerance is one-sided

D. tolerance can be applied to many situations

2. The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbour is raised to indicate that _________.

A. the writer are fed up with them

B. most people find them hard to tolerate

C. the writer isn’t prejudiced against them

D. tolerating them isn’t a virtuous act

3.Which of the following will the writer probably agree with?

A. Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems.

B. By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite.

C. People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals.

D. Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favour

4.The best title for this passage should be “___________”.

A. Tolerance and respect B. What is to be tolerated?

C. Is Tolerance a Virtue? D. Should people be tolerant?

书面表达

阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Let’s face it. You are constantly exposed to common viruses. There is nothing you can do about them. However, you can greatly influence the effect of those viruses on your health. Don’t accept that the flu or common cold is something you have to suffer from time to time. Cast off this thought and keep yourself and your entire family healthy regardless of the weather or season. These 4 easy tips will help you to reduce the number of times you are down with the flu or common cold:

1.Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables daily. They will provide you with important nutrients, mainly vitamins, which are needed to increase your ability to win the fight against common viruses.

2.Drink plenty of water. The water runs through your body, removing everything your body wants to get rid of.

3.Sleep 8 hours per night. If you often fail to have enough sleep, not only will you feel tired, but also your immune system will work less efficiently. You will be more easily affected by viruses.

【写作内容】

请你用英语以“健康的生活习惯让我们远离病毒”为题写一篇短文，主要内容包括：

1 以约30个词概括以上短文的主要内容。

2 然后以约120个词谈谈你对养成健康生活习惯的看法，内容包括：

(1) 病毒的危害及形成健康生活习惯的必要性；

(2) 要保持健康，还有哪些可行措施；

(3) 倡导大家培养良好生活习惯，健康生活。

【写作要求】

1 作文中可使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

Weekends are normally a time for shopping and last Saturday was no exception. My son Henry and I were shopping in a neighborhood market. Henry was busy weighing each new bag of vegetables I selected. I gave him a bag of potatoes and he walked over to the scale and waited in line. Suddenly, a man rushed over from behind, and stepped before him, hitting him out of the way. Henry looked shocked and scared. Seeing this I left my shopping cart and walked over to Henry, saying loudly, “Are you OK, honey? I saw what that man did to you. That was very, very wrong.”

When the man finished weighing his bag, his sudden turning around made all his onions fall to the ground. The three of us stood there, frozen for a moment. And then I bent down on my hands and knees and started collecting onions. After I handed the onions to the man, he accepted them and put them into his bag. After Henry and I picked up all the onions, the man walked away without saying anything. We didn’t discuss the event until we got back in the car.

On the way back home, Henry said through tears, “Mommy, I’ve a frustrating day. That man cut right in front of me. And we had to help him pick up his onions! Why did we do that? That didn’t make any sense!”

I took a deep breath and said, “Henry, that man seemed to have a very bad mood today. We should forgive him. I was also angry with the man for treating you rudely. I really wanted to kick him. But doing that doesn’t make any sense. If we hadn’t helped him, we might have felt good for a moment, but then I bet we would have felt really sorry for a long time. You and I have a lot of love to share. Maybe that man doesn’t have much. People who behave badly still need love.”

A cheerful smile appeared on Henry’s face. It was a smile of promise kept. It was the best smile I had ever seen. It was a good moment. It may have been my best mommy moment ever.

1.What did the man do?

A. He cut in the line.

B. He hit Henry on the head.

C. He hurried away without paying.

D. He ran into Henry suddenly.

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The author was not angry at all with what the man had done.

B. The man was very sorry for what he had done to Henry.

C. At last, Henry learned a very valuable life lesson from the event.

D. Henry didn’t help the author pick up the onions for the man.

3. Which of the following word can best describe the author?

A. Narrow-minded. B. Broad-minded.

C. Strong-willed. D. Bad-tempered.

The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC has thousands of objects on display, including the 1903 Wright Flyer, Charles Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis, the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, and a lunar rock you can touch. In addition to our exhibition gallery, you may want to visit the Albert Einstein Planetarium, Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater, and the Public Observatory on the east end. There are many things to do at the Museum in DC. We offer daily tours and educational activities for both children and adults. We also have scheduled lectures and events throughout the year.

Hours and Admission: Open every day except December 25. Admission is free.

Regular Hours: 10:00 am to 5:30pm

Extended Hours: 10:00 am to 7:30pm

December 26---30, 2014 March 30---April 20, 2015

Friday and Saturdays, April 24---May 16, 2015 May 17---September 7, 2015

Visiting Tips: Limit the number of bags: All visitors are screened through metal detector upon entry. The fewer items you bring inside the Museum, the faster your entry. Before you visit, please review the list of prohibited items, which include pocket knives and tripods(三脚架). Visitors carrying prohibited items will not be allowed inside the Museum, so please leave them at home or in your car.

No Food or Drink: Only bottled water is permitted in the Museum. You may only consume food and other drinks in the Food and Drink Court, not in the Museum. Groups who bring food are encouraged to picnic on the National Hall.

Please Take Photos: You are welcome to take photos for personal use. However, tripods and monopods(单脚架) are not permitted without approval.

First Aid: The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty. Please contact the nearest security officer or the Welcome Center for assistance.

Visit the Welcome Center: At our Welcome Center in the South Lobby, staff and volunteers can answer any questions you have during your visit.

Open: 10:00am to 5:30 Phone: 202-666-2212

E-mail: NASM-visitorservice@si.edu

1.According to the passage, the National Air and Space Museum is a place _______.

A. where only adults can take part in some educational activities

B. where one can touch anything he likes

C. everyone can pay a visit to without buying tickets

D. everyone can visit without time limit all the year round.

2. If the Greens plan to visit the Musuem at 6:00pm, it is accessible on _______.

A. December 24, 2014(Wednesday)

B. March 1, 2015(Sunday)

C. September 15, 2015(Tuesday)

D. July 6, 2015(Monday)

3.A visitor to the Museum can _______.

A. get some medical treatment if he suddenly falls ill

B. take photos with tripods for personal use

C. bring fewer bags to go through metal detectors

D. eat and drink in the Museum or in the Food Court

4.The purpose of this passage is to _______.

A. attract people to explore the universe

B. make an advertisement for the Museum

C. encourage adults to bring their children here

D. show what is on display in the Museum

Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills began to be used in the ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radios. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.

During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

1.From the text we know that windmills _______.

A. were invented by European armies

B. have a history of more than 2,800 years

C. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered

D. used to supply power to radio in remote area

2.The underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably means________.

A. making something cleaner

B. making something flow freely

C. making something flow in a particular direction

D. making something into small parts

3.One of the reasons wind was discovered in the 1970s is that_______.

A. it is one of the oldest power sources

B. wind power is cleaner

C. it was cheaper to create energy from wind

D. coal and gas failed to meet the needs

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. The global trend towards producing power from wind.

B. The design of wind power plants.

C. The worldwide movement to save energy.

D. The advantages of wind power.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Social media and the mobile web have given rise to a strange phenomenon(现象) called the selfie. It refers to a picture of yourself, usually shared on any social networking website.

1. Some selfies are extremely close-ups, and others show part of an arm held straight outward. A few of them even feature the subject standing in front of a bathroom mirror.

Everyone takes selfies, but the younger crowd seems to be especially involved in the trend. Young people are relatively heavier digital users. They are interested in staying connected to their friends. 2.

There are also kinds of psychological(心理学的) factors driving people to take a selfie and upload it to a social networking site. 3. A quick and easy way to attract others’ attention is to get “likes” and comment from friends. Secondly, it is human nature to show off your own great achievements. When you feel good about yourself or look good, it is far too easy to take out your phone and document it all through one or several selfies. 4. That is right. Sometimes people are bored at work, bored at school, bored at home and even bored on the toilet. Last but not the least, social media is about being social! If that means uploading as many selfies as possible, then so be it. It is fun, and it’s a cool way to sort of document of your own life.

Finally, there are things to be mindful of when you are posting. It’s easy to think you’re sharing a photo with a few people. 5. So don’t post anything online, selfie especially.

A. There are a lot of selfie styles.

B. The rise of selfies has become universal.

C. Social media, to some extent, is the driving force of their selfie activity.

D. The desire to take, post and get “likes” on selfies goes back to a biological behavior.

E. But the whole world of social media is public and every individual can get access to it.

F. There are also people who will take selfies because they have nothing else better to do.

G. The leading factor is that people want to get attention from as many people as possible.