Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years.

A. having B. had C. have D. to have

She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face __________ with childlike expressions at one of God’s simple wonders.

A. shone B. shining

C. having shone D. being shone

—Why? Where is the key to the sound lab?

—Dear me! You _____ it in the taxi！

A. have never left B. haven’t left

C. never left D. didn’t leave

The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______.

A. expectation B. reputation

C. contribution D. civilization

In today’s competitive economy, ______ everyone is trying to do more with less, you’ve got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning.

A. which B. that C. how D. where

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸(卡)上将该项涂黑。

My wife and I have been together 17 years and have always had animals, but when we moved to Abu Dhabi we decided not to have pets. We thought we could ________for it by volunteering for a couple of rescue organizations here in the Middle East. Then Rusty’s sad little face appeared on the ________lists and we both just gave in. He was ours ________ we even met him. We just knew it.

Rusty was a year old when he came to us. He was extremely ________and blind in one eye with missing teeth from a violent ________ he had encountered (遇到) some time in his short life. He was also ________ to straighten his back legs fully, probably from being ________ in a cage far too small for him.

I sat on the floor of the foster carer’s lounge and Rusty came right up to me and ________ down with his head on my knee. It was a(n) ________ moment. His carer had not seen him ________ someone so completely before. We fell in love with him, took him home and set about ________ him into a happier animal.

The first thing we had to do was ________ out what scared him. The answer was simple enough: ________ scared him. I think he was so ________ to bad things happening to him he just figured he lived in a world where only bad things happened.

One of the things that really scared him was ________ , so I began making him less sensitive by giving him a stomach rub with my foot every time I passed. It took a while, ________ he soon came to realize that he would never be ________ again and took to rolling onto his back and wagging his tail to let me know that he was up for a rub. If I didn’t, he would ________ me to my writing desk and crawl under it, gently touching and pushing me to get my attention at my foot until he got what he wanted!

Treating animals with dignity brings back memories of the best part of human ________ . Every time I interact with Rusty and our other rescued pets. I am________ that they have nothing to offer but love and trust. There is no

1.A. make B. compensate C. go D. prepare

2.A. waiting B. shopping C. danger D. adoption

3.A. until B. after C. before D. unless

4.A. tired B. thirsty C. hungry D. thin

5.A. feeling B. beating C. incident D. crime

6.A. eager B. unwilling C. unable D. ready

7.A. kept B. wrapped C. transformed D. spun

8.A. put B. knocked C. lay D. laid

9.A. physical B. mental C. intellectual D. emotional

10.A. believe B. trust C. envy D. adore

11.A. turning B. making C. putting D. translating

12.A. work B. bring C. carry D. rule

13.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything

14.A. opposed B. attached C. accustomed D. suited

15.A. legs B. feet C. ears D. eyes

16.A. but B. so C. and D. or

17.A. walked B. kicked C. abandoned D. overlooked

18.A. follow B. guide C. take D. direct

19.A. interest B. nature C. behavior D. welfare

20.A. warned B. informed C. reminded D. persuaded

I work as a volunteer（志愿者） for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to him.

Before setting out, I told Barrett this trip would be tiring and . For the first two days, he said almost nothing. I worried the trip was too ________ for a 17-year-old. Then, on day three, as we were ________ over high rocky mountains, he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）, “Pretty hard.”

After that there was no turning back. A five-year-old girl, wearing a dress several sizes ________ large and broken shoes, followed Barrett around, mesmerized （着迷）. He couldn't stop ________ . Later he said________ , “I wish I could speak French.” I was ________ —this from a boy who hated and ________ French classes throughout school.

Usually silent, he ________ Gaby, our host, and kept asking questions about the country and its people. He blossomed （活泼起来）.

________ , the moment that really took ________ breath away occurred in a village deep in the mountains. I was ________ a woman villager for an article. 135 centimeters tall, she was small in figure but strong in ________. Through determination, she had learned to read and write, and ________ to become part of the leadership of the ________ .

Learning her story, Barrett was as ________as I by this tiny woman's achievements. His eyes were wet and there was a ________ of love and respect on his face. He had finally understood the importance of my work.

When leaving for home, Barrett even offered to stay ________ as a volunteer. My insides suddenly felt struck. This ________ achieved all I'd expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He'll be a man.

1.A． comfort B． please C． attract D． educate

2.A． rough B． dangerous C． troublesome D． violent

3.A． little B． much C． fast D． slow

4.A． moving B． running C． climbing D． looking

5.A． too B． very C． even D． so

6.A． joking B． crying C． shouting D． smiling

7.A． patiently B． regretfully C． lightly D． cheerfully

8.A． ashamed B． disappointed C． determined D． surprised

9.A． took up B． went in for C． fought against D． called off

10.A． befriended B． disregarded C． avoided D． recognized

11.A． Thus B． Even C． Meanwhile D． However

12.A． my B． his C． our D． her

13.A． asking B． interviewing C． arranging D． describing

14.A． brain B． wish C． will D． health

15.A． appeared B． struggled C． hesitated D． failed

16.A． village B． city C． organization D． state

17.A． pleased B． bored C． puzzled D． touched

18.A． combination B． composition C． connection D． satisfaction

19.A． in B． behind C． out D． away

20.A． interview B． flight C． article D． trip

Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.

The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.

The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.

In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.

The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.

The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.

“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. “You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.”

Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.

Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.

1.Which of the following contributes to the air pollution?

A. Particulate matter. B. Ozone.

C. Smoke D. Both A and B.

2.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.

B. 7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.

C. Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.

D. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.

3.What might air pollution lead to?

A. Lung cancer. B. Stroke.

C. Heart failure. D. All above.

4.What can be inferred from the article?

A. Residential energy use should be stopped.

B. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.

C. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.

D. It is urgent for the government to take action.

For years I have been asked by several people how and why I came to translate a novel by Virginia Woolf in 1945. I graduated from the University of Ankara in 1941 and my four teachers, including Orphan Burian, are members of the Translation Bureau who prepared a list of works to be translated into Turkish and set themselves to translating some of these, besides shouldering the heavy work of correcting or editing the translations submitted to the Bureau. Orphan Burian, now mostly known for his translations of Shakespeare, had started to translate To the Lighthouse for the Translation Bureau, but at the same time he wanted to do something from Shakespeare. So he transferred it to me.

For me, To the Lighthouse was love at first sight or rather at first reading. To translate a book, I first read it from the beginning to the end. Then I started writing each sentence by hand. When I finished the whole book I read my translation from the beginning to the end, checking it with the original, and making corrections. Then I typed it, and read the typed copy, making changes again. All in all that added up to five readings. I started translating the novel in 1943 and submitted it to the Bureau in 1944. It was published in 1945 under the general title of “New English Literature” in the series called “Translations from World Literature” known as the “Classical Series”.

So, the first book by Virginia Woolf in Turkish appeared in 1945, and it was To the Lighthouse. This was eighteen years after its publication in England in 1927. To me the book itself was pure poetry; I read it as if in a dream. Not trying to dive very deeply into it, I sort of swam on it or over it. Now, years later, I swim in it. Even after so many years, in each reading I become conscious of new layers of which I haven’t been aware before. It keeps pace with my experiences in life as years go by, and each reading is a new reading for me.

In 1982 and again in 1989 I revised it for two new editions and I again did it sentence by sentence checking it with the original. In those years I had thought it was necessary to revise my translations every ten years, but now I think I must do it every three or four years. In a country like Turkey, where we work very hard to clear our language from old and new foreign words, we should try to be up to date as to the words we are using, and of the same importance are the studies being made on the methods or techniques of translation, and new approaches in translation.

While translating, I usually have both the writer and the reader in mind. The novels she wrote after 1920 were especially new for most of the readers. She usually uses very short sentences, followed by rather long ones. I remember sentences of more than ten lines which weren’t easy for me to translate as they were. And in Turkish our having only one word, the word “O”, for “he”, “she”, “it” in English, made me repeat the names of the characters more often than Woolf did. And I changed some long indirect sentences in the original into direct sentences in my translation, thinking it would make an easier reading in Turkish.

When translating, I make use of all kinds of dictionaries. A difficult English word for me is the word “vision”. In To the Lighthouse, the artist Lily Briscoe is trying to finish the picture she has been drawing for some time and the novel ends with the following sentences: “Yes, she thought, laying down her brush extremely tired, I’ve had my vision.” And I’m still thinking about how to translate this remark into Turkish.

1.How and why did the writer come to translate To the Lighthouse?

A. It was really a piece of good luck.

B. She was the only qualified person for it.

C. Virginia Woolf was very familiar to her.

D. She was a member of the Translation Bureau.

2.What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 mean?

A. The writer prefers the work very much.

B. The writer likes the sport swimming.

C. The writer is aware of her advantages.

D. The writer has digested the book very well.

3.Why does the writer revise her translations more often now?

A. Readers make new demands.

B. Turkish is a language of mobility.

C. Many mistakes are spotted in the old edition.

D. She wants to make it more popular in the market.

4.While translating, the writer repeated the names of the characters to_________.

A. make full use of the direct sentences

B. emphasize all of these characters

C.make her translation clearer in Turkish

D. make her translation much briefer

5.The last paragraph mainly implies that_________.

A. the writer is taking up a difficult job

B. the writer’s translation needs improving

C. English is a difficult language in the world

D. remarks from characters are difficult to translate

任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

High blood pressure is defined as 140 mmHg over 90 mmHg, and for years, doctors have used that measure as the threshold for prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs. But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication. After reviewing available evidence on the effects of blood pressure treatments, the Institute of Medicine’s Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) concluded that aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations — so they advised loosening the guidelines for starting medication.

But days after the guidelines were published, heart experts raised concerns about how the advice would affect patients; inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.

Members of the JNC8 who voted against the recommendations published an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine outlining their reasons for opposing the change. “We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level because increasing the goal may cause harm by increasing the risk for CVD（心血管疾病）and partially undoing the remarkable progress in reducing cardiovascular mortality in Americans older than 60,” they wrote.

Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum said she has not changed the way she treats her patients over 60. She says, “As a preventive cardiologist（心脏病学家）, these new guidelines have made me crazy. What we have learned is that blood pressure treatment even for a patient above 80 has been shown to be critical. It goes against everything we know as cardiologists.”

Defending the panel’s decision, Dr. Paul A. James, co-chairman of the guidelines committee, said in an email to TIME, “I can assure you that the panel discussed the opinions of the minority members on three different occasions and the majority were not persuaded that the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence.”

James said that as with any medications, doctors will use the blood pressure recommendations as guidelines, and prescribe drugs based on their evaluation of each patient. “Medications prescribed by physicians all have the potential to be dangerous,” he wrote. “Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients. Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule — if the medicine cannot be shown to help the patient, then the medicine should not be prescribed.”

The editorial isn’t likely to change them any time soon. But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.