4．Run，swim，lift weights，do yoga-do something，because it's good for you．Many studies tell us that regular exercise not only helps our bodies but improves memory，and eases anxiety．But what is happening to the mind during workout to create all these benefits？
A new study from Sweden suggests that a specific protein found in trained muscles might contribute to exercise's mental benefits．This protein，the researchers found，might help our bodies process molecules that，if out of balance，can stress us and contribute to depression（萎靡不振）．The findings were published in the journal Cell．
To test this，the researchers kept attacking some mice with flashing lights，loud noises and interrupting their sleep for weeks．Predictably，this treatment makes the mice show signs and biochemical markers of depression．
But not all the mice showed those signs．One group，specially raised to have high levels of a protein called PGC-1alpha1 （the one in trained muscles），did not show those depression signs．PGC-1alpha1 increases production of an enzyme that breaks down a chemical called kynurenine．Kynurenine helps the body respond to an activated immune system（活性免疫系统），but it also plays a role in depression．
"Our original research assumption was that trained muscle would produce a substance（物质） with beneficial effects on the brain，"Jorge Ruas of the Karolinska Institute told Forbes．com．"We actually found the opposite：well-trained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body．"
This study was in mice，but it lines up nicely with all the other lines of evidence that exercise is good for mental health．

32．According to the study，which of the following is bad for your mental healthD？
A．Protein．  
B．Molecule． 
C．Enzyme． 
D．Kynurenine
33．What conclusion have the researchers drawn from the studyD？
A．Unbalanced exercise leads you to depression．
B．Well-fed mice survive better though being ill-treated．
C．Trained muscle produces a substance good for brain．
D．Regular exercise helps to clear rubbish away from body．
34．According to the last paragraph，the result of the study isA．
A．reliable
B．doubtful
C．predictable
D．ambiguous
35．What's the main idea of the passageC？
A．Why do you need regular exercise？
B．What matters most for your body？
C．How does exercise help your brain？
D．Why are mice chosen for the study？

3．British planning experts are heading to China to advise on building cities that do not damage the environment．They will address mayors on the need to avoid U．S．Model by building dense（稠密的） cities with low-carbon buildings and good public transport．Their visit follows a report warning that the road-based U．S．Model could make climate change impossible to control．
Europe's densely-populated cities，with strong public transport links，are held up as an example for China to follow．By good planning and spending a little more，livable new cities could be built with low-carbon infrastructure（基础设施）．In China many institutions are taking the climate more seriously than before and the traveling group from Britain's Town and Country Planning Association will meet officials from the Chinese government's economic research agency in a workshop on low-carbon buildings．
They will also meet officers in fast-growing Shenyang，which has more than six million inhabitants（居民）．On another day they will present their ideas at the National Academy．Several of China's major cities suffer heavy traffic jams．Some of their leaders are now looking for new ideas to make cities more densely-populated，while the mayors of some fast-growing cities are hoping to build in a less energy-consuming way．
China also suffers a crisis of agricultural land，so high-density planning has many benefits．Kate Henderson said"As more and more people across the world move from rural to urban areas we must guarantee our cities grow stably．"This means delivering schools，parks and public transport alongside employment areas and housing．"We look forward to sharing our thinking on how Garden City principles can be applied-both to creating new cities and to renewing existing ones．"

28．Why does the writer mention U．S．Model in the passageC？
A．To show the advantages of Europe's Model．
B．To enrich our knowledge about City Model．
C．To tell us its disadvantages and give us a warning．
D．To convey American experts'views on city planning．
29．What is unique for Europe's densely-populated citiesD？
A．The road-based Model is good for the environment．
B．It can speed up the growth of the newly-built cities．
C．Its inhabitants enjoy the convenience of the wide roads．
D．Its designs focus on low-carbon buildings and public transport．
30．What does the underlined word"they"in Para3refer toA？
A．British planning experts．
B．Mayors from China's major cities．
C．Officers from Shenyang．
D．Leaders from Chinese institutions．
31．What is the best way to make Chinese cities grow stablyD？
A．By saving more agricultural lands．
B．By building apartments near working areas．
C．By persuading people to move to rural parts．
D．By building environment-friendly dense cities．

2．The current Ebola （埃博拉病毒） outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3，069 people，including 1，552 dead，making it the largest outbreak in history．Ebola is a deadly virus-about 60percent of people infected with it have died．
How is Ebola doing its harm？
When a person becomes infected with Ebola，the virus damages the body's immune （免疫的） cells，which defend against infection，said a researcher at Lancaster University．But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack，then he is more likely to survive the disease．
The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system．But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack，then the immune system becomes less able to regulate （调节） itself．This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control，leading to a drop in blood pressure，multi-organ failure and eventually death．
What are the common symptoms of the disease？
Fever．Headache．Joint and muscle aches．Weakness．Diarrhea．Vomiting．Stomach pain．Lack of appetite．Chills．Rash．Redness in the eyes．Hiccups．Cough．Sore throat．Chest pain．Difficult breathing or swallowing．Bleeding inside and outside of the body．
How to prevent the spread of Ebola？
Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients，specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient．
We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing，bedding，and needles used by them．Avoid areas where infections have been reported．For now，the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa，four cases in America and Europe．Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat．Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals，probably through the meat of primates（灵长类）．If you're in an area where the disease has been reported，avoid purchasing，eating，or handling wild game to stay on the safe side．
Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients．Extreme caution is necessary．Hospital workers must use masks，gloves，goggles，and gowns，which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients．
How Do People Survive Ebola？
Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola，and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease．Although in the minority，some people do recover from infection．
Our suggestions include：
Maintain your electrolytes （电解质） and body liquid．Sports drinks can be used．Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary．Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection．Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment．Quickly address any symptoms of infection．Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain．

46．Ebola causes the death of a human being byC．
A．attacking him with high fever
B．regulating his immune system
C．damaging his immune cells
D．harming all his organs directly
47．What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of EbolaD？
A．Fever and chills．
B．Swallowing difficulty．
C．Loss of blood．
D．High blood pressure．
48．In order not to be infected by Ebola，we shouldB．
A．have the clothing of the infected cleaned
B．avoid eating wild animals like monkeys
C．not travel to Africa，America or Europe
D．stay at home without going anywhere
49．It is true thatA．
A．a certain number of people survive Ebola
B．human has found a special cure for Ebola
C．oxygen can save infected people's lives
D．low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola．

1．Surfing the net when you should be finishing a work report，changing clothes when you have a train to catch，or perhaps even lying in bed when you've promised yourself you'll work out．Sound familiar？You aren't alone．We all procrastinate （拖延） sometimes，especially when it comes to things we aren't really fond of．And while the number of activities we delay doing in any given week varies from person to person，it's fair to say that none of us is super-efficient 100percent of the time．
A study revealed that we spend about 218minutes procrastinating every day，which amounts to 55days of lost time each year．We might not think these figures particularly worthy of worry，but when we look at the overall impact of procrastination on our lives，it's a different story．Not only does this cost financial loss，it also affects peace of mind．And procrastination isn't just a money thief--it steals time too．In general，people who continually put things off are unhappier，as well as being less wealthy and healthy．
So why do we do it？"When we avoid taking action，we're really avoiding pain，"explains psychiatrist （精神病学家） Phil Stutz．For most of us，pain avoidance isn't limited to one situation．It applies to almost anything that's painful．Most of us try our best never to leave a comfort zone．That's why we sacrifice something much more valuable：time．"Our time on earth is limited，"Stutz adds．"Every moment is an opportunity we'll never have again．Procrastinators act as if they have all the time in the world．But deep down，they know they're wasting parts of their life．The trouble is，most of them don't know how to free themselves．"
One way he says we can reach this level of freedom is by overcoming the pain of avoidance using daily visualization （想象）．"Picture the pain you're avoiding as a black cloud in front of you，"Stutz says．"Notice how you're fed up with the ways this pain has held you back in life，and tell yourself that you're determined to conquer it．Then it's time to get through the cloud and to the other side-where you're free．"It is obvious that this tool works when we want to procrastinate．We then get into the habit of moving"towards"pain instead of away from it．
In addition to the fact that procrastinators suffer more health problems，procrastination also destroys teamwork and personal relationships because it shifts the burden of responsibilities onto others．So next time you think about putting something off，remember the impact it will have．Experts insist：procrastinators can change their behavior，it takes a lot of self-work but in the end，it's worth the effort．And start today，not tomorrow．

41．The writer begins the passage byC．
A．presenting abnormal things
B．asking related questions
C．mentioning habitual activities
D．comparing different opinions
42．By saying"it's a different story"，the writer thinks procrastinationB．
A．leads to different results for different persons
B．is likely to have bad effects on people's life
C．may not be particularly worthy of concern
D．tends to cause unhappiness among people
43．According to the passage，people procrastinate because theyB．
A．get accustomed to taking action
B．prefer to stay in the comfort zone
C．don't know how to free themselves
D．are not aware of the limited time
44．One possible way to stop procrastination is toA．
A．overcome it mentally
B．avoid the pain
C．take some self-work    
D．reach the freedom
45．What's the writing purpose of the passageD？
A．To analyze the trouble procrastination causes．
B．To show what contributes to procrastination．
C．To solve the problems caused by procrastination．
D．To encourage people to defeat procrastination．

5．Before moving to Australia，the Browns ______ their cars and house in the USA．

A．

have sold

B．

sold

C．

were selling

D．

sell

4．Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe．I had been abroad a couple of times，but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent．Moreover，my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French．
I hesitated．How would I，unable to speak the language，totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems，set up interviews and do research？It seemed impossible，and with considerable regret．I sat down to write a letter begging off．Hallway through，a thought ran through my mind：you can't learn if you don't try．So I accepted the assignment．
There were some bad moments．But by the time I had finished the trip I was ail experienced traveler．And ever since，I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places，without guides or even advanced bookings，confident that somehow I will manage．
The point is that the new，the different，is almost scary by definition．But each time you try something，you learn，and as the learning piles up，the world opens to you．
I've learned to ski at 40，and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon．And I know I'll go on doing such things．It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others．I'm not．But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders．
56．The author accepted the assignment becauseD
A．he had never travelled abroad before
B．he hardly knew any foreign languages
C．he was familiar with any other country in Europe
D．he would learn something new and different by trying
57．Which of the following statements is TRUE？B
A．The author had been abroad only twice．
B．The author thought the trip was hard but worthwhile．
C．The author admitted that anything different was terrible．
D．The author must be good at doing research and making interviews．
58．We can infer from the text that the author isD
A．awkward  B．generous C．stubborn D．brave
59．What's the best title of the text？C
A．An Interesting Trip Abroad   B．My First Writing Assignment
C．Ready to Try and Challenge   D．How to Be Daring and Brave．

3．___ has helped to save the drowning boy should be praised．（　　）

A．

Who

B．

Whoever

C．

Anyone"

D．

The one

2．Red roses were her favorites； her name was also Rose．And every year her husband sent them，tied with pretty bows．The year he died，the roses were delivered to her door．The card said，"Be my Valentine（情人），"like all the years before．
Each year he sent her roses，and the note would always say，"I love you even more this year，than last year on this day．My love for you will always grow，with every passing year．"She knew this was the last time that the roses would appear．She thought，he ordered roses in advance before this day．Her loving husband did not know that he would pass away．He always liked to do things early．Then，if he got too busy，everything would work out fine．She cut away some stems，placed them in a very special vase，and set the vase beside the picture of his smiling face．She would sit for hours in her husband's favorite chair，staring at his photo and the roses sitting there．
A year went by，and it was hard to live without her mate．Loneliness and solitude had become her fate．Then，the very hour，as on Valentine's Day before，the doorbell rang，and there were roses，sitting by her door．She brought the roses in，and just looked at them in shock．Then，she went to get the telephone to call the florist（花匠）shop．The owner answered，and she asked him，if he would explain why someone would do this to her，causing her such pain．
"I know your husband passed away，more than a year ago，"the owner said，"I knew you'd call，and you would want to know．The flowers you received today were paid for in advance．Your husband always planned ahead．He left nothing to chance．"
"There is a standing order that I have on file down here．And he has paid，well in advance； you'll get them every year．There is also another thing that I think you should know．He wrote a special little card…he did this years ago．""Then，should ever，I find out that he's no longer here．That's the card…that should be sent to you the following year．"She thanked him and hung up the phone，her tears now flowing hard．Her fingers shaking，she slowly reached to get the card．Inside the card，she saw that he had written her a note．Then，as she stared in total silence，this is what he wrote："Hello my love，I know it's been a year since I was gone．I hope it hasn't been too hard for you to overcome．I know it must be lonely，and the pain is very real．If it was the other way，I know how I would feel．The love we shared made everything so beautiful in life．I loved you more than words can say．You were the perfect wife．"
"You were my friend and lover； you satisfied my every need．I know it's only been a year，but please try not to grieve．I want you to be happy，even when you shed your tears．That is why the roses will be sent to you for years．"
"When you get these roses，think of all the happiness that we had together，and how both of us were blessed．I have always loved you and I know I always will．But，my love，you must go on； you have some living still．"
"Please…try to find happiness，while living out your days．I know it is not easy，but I hope you find some ways．The roses will come every year，and they will only stop when your door's not answered，when the florist stops to knock．He will come five times that day，in case you have gone out．But after his last visit，he will know without a doubt．To take the roses to the place，where I've instructed him，and place them where we are，together once again．"
55．How did Rose feel when she received roses a year after her husband's death？D
A．Surprised and disappointed
B．Happy but confused．
C．Proud but frightened
D．Sad and puzzled．
56．What can we know about Rose's husband when he was alive？B
A．He knew his wife loved roses more than himself．
B．He preferred to make arrangements ahead of time．
C．He gave his wife a pleasant surprise every Valentine's Day．
D．He was so busv that he had to order roses in advance each year．
57．The writer presents many details of the note intended for Rose to show thatA
A．true love is permanent whatever happens
B．remembering the happy times is inspiring
C．sending roses is the best wav to express love
D．forgetting about the past means a sense of relief
58．The underlined word"grieve"（Paragraph 7）is closest in meaning toB
A．kill yourself
B．feel deep sorrow
C．marry again
D．buy roses
59．It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatC
A．roses won't be delivered anywhere if no one answers the door
B．Rose won't be able to get through the difficult days without her husband
C．someday roses will be sent where Rose and her husband are buried
D．sometimes the florist comes five times a day to check whether Rose is out
60．Which of the following is the best title for the passage？A
A．Roses for Rose 
B．Be My Valentine
C．An Unexpected Gift 
D．A Loving Couple．

1．One day，Mr．Arnold was teaching a lesson，and things were going as normally as ever．He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils．He told them that，in the beginning，men were nomads； they never stayed in the same place for very long．Instead，they would travel about，here and there，in search of food，wherever it was to be found．And when the food ran out，they would move off somewhere else．
He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals．This was an important discovery，because by learning to cultivate（耕作）the land，and care for animals，mankind would always have food steadily available．It also meant that people could remain living in one place，and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete，like building towns，cities，and all that were in them．All the children were listening attracted by this story，until Lucy jumped up：
"And if that was so important and improved everything so much，why are we nomads all over again，Mr．Arnold？"
Mr．Arnold didn't know what to say．Lucy was a very intelligent girl．He knew that she lived with her parents in a house，so she must know that her family were not nomads； so what did she mean？
"We have all become nomads again，"continued Lucy，"The other day，outside the city，they were cutting the forest down．A while ago a Gsherman told me how they fish．It's the same with everyone：when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere，and when the fish run out the fishermen move on．That's what the nomads did，isn't it？9，
The teacher nodded，thoughtfully．Really，Lucy was right Mankind had turned into nomads．Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs，we kept developing it until the land was bare．And then off we would go to the next place!The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized．
The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt，with a message that said"I am not a nomad!"
And，from then on，they set about showing that indeed they were not．Every time they knew they needed something，they made sure that they would get it using care and control．If they needed wood or paper，they would make sure that they got the recycled kind．They ordered their fish from fish farms，making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small．They only used animals that were well cared for，and brought up on farms．
And so，from their little town，those children managed to give up being nomads again，just as prehistoric men had done，so many thousands of years ago．
41．Why would early humans travel about in the beginning？C
A．To experience different lifestyles．
B．To go sightseeing in different places．
C．To find what they could to feed themselves．
D．To do more exercise to build themselves up．
42．From Paragraph 2，we can know thatD•
A．people got tired of living in the same place
B．people gradually got used to living in cities
C．people spent a long time in learning to keep animals
D．people tended to settle down after learning farming
43．In the teacher's opinion，Lucy's argument wasA
A．reasonable   B．ridiculous  C．puzzling  D．shocking
44．Which of the following agrees with the message"I am not a nomad"（Paragraph 7）？B
A．People eat young fish for its delicious taste．
B．People use recycled materials as much as possible．
C．Fishermen move elsewhere when there is no fish left．
D．Foresters leave the place where wood is not available．
45．The writer tries to make us believe thatB．
A．mankind has been progressing mainly through traveling about
B．it's unwise for mankind to use the land in an uncontrolled way
C．if S quite good for students to learn more about the history of mankind．D．in the beginning men were nomads．

19．How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them？It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety，but is their addiction to social media really harming them？
Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones，making it far more accessible than it originally was．This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook，Twitter，and Instagram frequently．Maturing teens and children are usually very timid（胆怯）when it comes to socializing with their families，which they sometimes view as"annoying"．So，what do these kids use as a solution or an"escape"？The answer is simple．social media．
However，when they use social media for a large amount of time，parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for demanding their attention．
The word，"social"，was entered into the term，social media，for a reason．Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that．When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world responsibilities．The truth，however，is that they are using it to connect with their close friends，make new friends，and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world．
Children and teens are wrongly accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time．Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things，but how come children receive all of the blame for abusing it？Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another distraction（分心事）．
Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects，but after all of the feedback from pre-teens，teens，and parents is put together，it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives．

28．What causes the parents to be worried about their children？B
A．Using smartphones．    
B．Using too much social media．
C．Playing games online．
D．Failing to socialize with families．
29．When social media is added to smartphones，it makesB．
A．smartphones operate faster    
B．it more convenient to use
C．children crazy about smartphones 
D．adults feel frequently disturbed
30．According to the fourth paragraph，children use social media toC．
A．kill time    
B．entertain themselves
C．keep themselves informed 
D．connect with their parents
31．What's the writer's attitude towards children using social media？A
A．Supportive．    B．Doubtful．    
C．Indifferent．   D．Disapproving．