15．假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线\划掉．
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：
1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分．
As is known by all，with the improvement of people's living standards，cars have become a popular means of transport，bring great convenience to our life．However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jam．
How can we solve these problems then？As far as I am concerning，riding bicycles is a good solution．For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol but they are energy-saving．For another，bicycles are environmentally friendly because of they won't give off waste gas．Beside，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our healthy．
As result，let's take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles．Come on and join them．

14．My grandfather is a （41）retired（retire） worker．On summer evenings，we often sat together outside the house（42）enjoying （enjoy） the cool air．It was the time that he told me lots of his experiences before liberation．
When my grandfather was fourteen years old，he worked in a coal mine．One day，when he and his two workmates were working in the tunnel，an （43）unfortunate（fortune） thing suddenly happened．A part of the tunnel fell down，and they were shut in it．They had no food（44）to eat （eat）．When they were hungry，they only drank some water there．It was very cold in it．In order to keep warm，they hugged one another．In the darkness，they didn't know whether it was day（45）ornight，they only felt they had stayed there for a very long time．They were too hungry to speak or move，and thought they（46）would die（die）．At last，the tunnel （47）was dug（dig） through．They were saved．They had been there for fourteen days!My grandfather said they weren't let out at once．If（48）so，they would have died．They were kept at the entrance to the tunnel（49）where it was very dim，and they were fed （50）on/with some thin porridge．After a day or two，they had recovered a bit，and they were helped out．

13．Parents often assume that time spent with their kids will gradually decrease in adolescence．But a new study suggests that while teens try to avoid spending a lot of time together with their parents，private parent-child meetings may actually increase in their early adolescent years．And that may raise a teenager's self-esteem （自尊） an social confidence，especially if it is time spent with Dad，the researchers added．
The researchers created a long-term study in which they invited families in 16 school districts in central Pennsylvania to participate．In each family，a teenager，a younger sibling，their mother and their father were interviewed at home and then asked about their activities and self-worth five times over a period of seven years．
The study authors were surprised to discover that when fathers spent more time alone with their teenagers，the kids reported they felt better about themselves．Something about the father's role in the family seemed to improve self-esteem among the teenagers in the study，said study author Susan McHale，a professor of human development at Pennsylvania State University．
"Time spent with Dad often involves joking，teasing and other playful interactions．Fathers，as compared to mothers，were more involved in leisure activities and had more friend-like interactions with their children，w hich is crucial for youth social development，"the study showed．
But Marta Flaum，a psychologist in Chappaqua，New York，said，"How these findings reflect the real world is a real question．The sample in the study is so small and so unrepresentative of more families in the country today that I'm not sure how much we can g eneralizing from it．In my commu nity，in Westchester County，I don't see parents and teenagers spending much time together at all．Parents are often working so hard and have less time to be together with their kids．"
However，Flaum encourages parents tom make time for their kids no matter how much work they have to do．"Research like this reminds us of how important it is．The time we have with them is so short，"she said．
12．According to the study，when teenagers spend more time alone with their fathers，A．
A．their social skills will be improved
B．their fathers will better understand them
C．they will be willing to help their siblings
D．their family will spend more time together
13．What is Flaun's attitude towards the findings of the study？D
A．Unconcerned    
B．Favorable     
C．Puzzled    
D．Skeptical
14．What does the underlined word"it"in the last paragraph probably refer to？D
A．The research by Susan McHale．
B．The work to be done．
C．Parents'encouragement．
D．Parents'making time for their kids．
15．Where is the passage more likely to have been taken from？B
A．A science magazine  
B．A news report  
C．A research plan  
D．an advertisement．

12．When 12-year-old Taylor Smith wrote a special letter to herself last spring，to be read in 10 years'time，she didn't know it would be opened before even a year had passed-and that it wouldn't be her eyes reading the words．
"She had told me that she had written a letter to herself，and that she was excited that she was going to open it when she was older，"said Taylor's  mother，Mary Ellen Smith．
Instead，it was opened by Taylor's parents after she died last spring．They posted the letter to Facebook，hoping it would inspire others．
It has．"We've gotten letters from lots of parents who have said it has encouraged them to love their kids and love each other，"said Mary Ellen Smith．
In the letter，Taylor congratulated herself on graduating from high school and asked，"Are you in college？"
She also wanted to know if she had been on a plane yet and if the show"Doctor Who"was still on the air．
Taylor also had some words for her future kids．After considering the idea of selling her iPad and getting an iPad mini instead，she told her future self to mention to her kids that"We're older than the tablet．"She included a drawing of an iPad for them to see．
Taylor died suddenly of pneumonia （肺炎），leaving behind both her parents and an older brother．
"I just want people to know just what an awesome，awesome person she was，"her father，Tim Smith said．
Her mother said，"I can't bring her back，but I'm so grateful people have been inspired by her story．"
Taylor's father read the closing g words of her letter，which said，"It's been years since I wrote this．Stuff has happened，good and bad．That's just how life works，and you have to go with it．"
1．Taylor Smith decided to open her letter when she wasC．
A.18 years old    
B.20 years old   
C.22 years old   
D.24 years old
2．Why did Taylor's parents post her letter to facebook？B
A．To show Taylor Smith's deep love for her parents．
B．To encourage parents and kids to love each other．
C．To make themselves well-known and make money．
D．To prove Taylor Smith was good at writing．
3．We can learn from the passage that Taylor SmithC．
A．was a college student
B．had never got an iPad
C．had never taken a plane
D．wanted to join"Doctor Who"．
4．What is the message conveyed at the end of Taylor Smith's letter？B
A．We should develop the habit of keeping a diary．
B．We should accept everything that happens in life．
C．We should stop bad things from happening．
D．We should show our love for our parents in time．

11．Good listening skills can provide you with a deeper level of understanding about someone's situation．If you want to know how to be a good listener，read on to get started！1（36）B
It's easy to get lost in yourself and to only consider the impact of the other person's"telling"on you．But active listening is blocked by your inward thinking．On the contrary，you must look at the problems from the other person's angle．
Don't try to help immediately．Some people think that they should find a quick and easy solution to the person's problem while listening．Instead，you should take the time to think of a"solution"only if he or she is really looking for help in this way．（37）G
Remember what you've been told．（38）D So，if the person is telling you about his problems with his best friend，you can at least remember his name so you can refer to him that way．If you don't remember any names，details，or important events，then it won't sound like you're listening．
Encourage the speaker with body language．（3）C．Also says little things such as"Yeah"when the person is talking about something that they want you to agree on or"Wow"when the person talks about a tragedy or something bad done against them．These words betray that you're not only listening but paying attention．
Make eye contact．If you give your friend the impression you aren't interested and are distracted，they may never open up to you again．（40）E

A．Wait for the person to open up．
B．Place yourself in the other person's shoes．
C．Show them that you care by nodding at right times so they know you're listening．
D．Being a good listener is to actually absorb the information the person has told you．
E．Focus directly on their eyes so that they will know certainly that you are absorbing every single word．
F．Instead of the conclusion，let the speaker know that you are ready to listen and to be a sounding board．
G．If you start thinking of all of the quick measures for the person's problems，you won't be listening attentively．

10．What is the single largest cause of sick leave in the UK？The answer is not the common cold or flu，but back pain．Back pain affects one in three British adults，costs the country over 5 billion pounds every year and is very difficult to treat．But now Britain's National Health Service（NHS）will be offering a new solution：acupuncture．The ancient Chinese needle therapy（疗法）has been around in the UK for many years，but this is the first time it has been officially approved by the NHS's advisory body，the National Institute for Clinical Excellence（NICE）．
Traditionally，doctors in the UK have advised back pain sufferers to stay active，do stretching exercises and take painkillers when necessary and in more serious cases some people are given X-ra y treatment or injections with therapeutic substances．
NICE，however，say there is evidence that acupuncture may be more effective than expensive X-rays or injections，so patients who have been suffering for over six weeks should be given a choice．As an alternative to acupuncture，patients will be able to choose for either a course of spinal manipulation（脊柱推拿术），or a series of special exerci se sessions．In the UK，acupuncture is classed as a complementary therapy，which is the term given to a medical procedure which hasn't received the strict trials by which scientists prove some treatments work．
While many experts have welcomed the move to make acupuncture available on the NHS，some are still doubtful about its effectiveness．Research from the US earlier this month found that using toothpicks could be as good as using real needles．So while some are yet to be convinced，back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture helps get them feeling healthy and mobile again．Employers，on the other hand，will be hoping it gets them back to work．
32．What can we learn from the first paragraph？B
A．The British have come to know acupuncture recently．
B．About thirty percent of the British suffer from back pain．
C．NICE has been arguing against Chinese needle therapy．
D．The British ask for sick leave mostly because of cold or flu．
33．The traditional ways to treat back pain in the UK includeC．
A．staying in bed for rest     
B．Chinese needle therapy
C．receiving X-ray treatment  
D．avoiding physical exercises
34．In treating back pain，acupunctureA．
A．may cost less than X-rays               
B．works surely better than injections
C．has gone through strict scientific tests    
D．will replace the traditional ways in the UK
35．What do experts think of acupuncture？D
A．They think highly of it．               
B．Most of them are against it．
C．Few recognize its usefulness．      
D．They differ on its effectiveness．

9．How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them？It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety，but is their addiction to social media really harming them？
Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones，making it far more accessible than it originally was．This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook，Twitter，and Insta gram frequently．Maturing teens and children are usually very timid（胆怯）when it comes to socializing with their families，which they sometimes view as"annoying"．So，what do these kids use as a solution or an"escape"？The answer is simple．social media．
However，when they use social media for a large amount of time，parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for demanding their attention．
The word，"social"，was entered into the term，social media，for a reason．Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that．When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world responsibilities．The truth，however，is that they are using it to connect with their close friends，make new friends，and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world．
Children and teens are wrongly accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time．Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things，but how come children receive all of the blame for abusing it？Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another distraction（分心事）．
Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects，but after all of the feedback from pre-teens，teens，and parents is put together，it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives．
28．What causes the parents to be worried about their children？B
A．Using smartphones．     
B．Using too much social media．
C．Playing games online．      
D．Failing to socialize with families．
29．When social media is added to smartphones，it makesB．
A．smartphones operate faster          
B．it more convenient to use
C．children crazy about smartphones        
D．adults feel frequently disturbed
30．According to the fourth paragraph，children use social media toC．
A．kill time                           
B．entertain themselves
C．keep themselves informed            
D．connect with their parents
31．What's the writer's attitude towards children using social media？A
A．Supportive．   
B．Doubtful．   
C．Indifferent． 
D．Disapproving．

8．下列句中各有一个错误，请把错误处改正．其他部分不得更动．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在右边横线上写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在右边横线上写出改正后的词．
56．Use your head，you'll find a way to solve the problem．
57．When you are nervous，you'd better to take a deep breath．
58．Our classroom is as bigger as yours．
59．It's raining so hardly，or we would go for a picnic．
60．Rose is their two daughter．

7．Why do men die earlier than women？The latest research shows that the reason could be that men's hearts go into rapid decline （衰弱）when they reach middle age．
The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women's  longevity  may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age．
"We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25percent between 18and 70years of age，"said the head of the study，David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK．
"Within the heart there are millions of cells（细胞） that enable it to beat．Between the ages of 20and 70，one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men，"said Goldspink．"This is part of the ageing process．"
What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells．A healthy 70-year-old woman's heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one's．
"This gender（性别） difference might just explain why women live longer than men，"said Goldspink．
They studied more than 250healthy men and women between the ages of 18and 80，focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease．
The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater toll （造成损失）on the male heart，said Goldspink．
The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise．Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age．

56．The underlined word"longevity"（in paragraph 2）probably refers toB．
A．health   B．long life   
C．ageing   D．effect
57．The passage mainly talks aboutD．
A．men's heart cells          B．women's ageing process
C．the gender difference       D．hearts and long life
58．According to the passage，the UK scientists have known thatC．
A．women have more cells than men when they are born
B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat
C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age
D．the female heart never loses the pumping power with age
59．If you want to live longer，you shouldC．
A．enable your heart to beat much faster
B．find out the reason for ageing
C．exercise regularly       
D．prevent your cells from being lost
60．We can know from the passage thatB．
A．the reason why ageing causes a greater loss to the male heart has been found out
B．scientists are still doing research into why the male heart loses more of the cells
C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss of the cells
D．women over 70could lose more cells than those at the age of 20．

6．You arrive on time at the Smith's house to babysit three-year-old Max．When Mrs．Smith invites you into the house，you find Max sitting on the floor with an I-pad．You look around for a book，and then you realize the i-pad is teaching him how to read through a series of songs and games．Mrs Smith looks as though she couldn't be prouder of her son for playing such educational games．
Technology is becoming more important in our everyday lives．From playing a game to asking Siri for directions to a restaurant，we are depending heavily on our handheld device．Companies such as Fisher-price and Open solutions are making apps such as"Laugh and Learn"，"Baby Hear and Read"and"Baby's First Puzzle．"These apps are marketed to parents and their babies．Some companies say that their apps will help the baby learn to read while others promise skills such as identifying shapes and sounds．Many parents say that these games have helped their children a lot．
Recently the campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood，a Boston-based group，has been accusing companies，who make these supposedly educational games，of false advertising．The campaign believes that these games are doing very little to improve the education of young children．
"What babies need for healthy brain development is active play，hands-on creative play and face-to-face interaction．"says Susan Linn，the group's director．This means that when you are babysitting little Max，you should play board games with him or games that require him to use his own imagination．This will help him to learn not only skills that the games teach him，but he will learn social skills．The American Academy of Pediatrics agrees with Linn，discouraging any electronic time for babies under 2，while older children should be limited to one to two hours a day．

64．We can learn that many parents think the apps such as"Laugh and Learn"areC．
A．expensive to buy   
B．complex to operate   
C．beneficial to possess   
D．dull to use
65．Which of the following may Susan Linn agree with？C
A．The i-pad will soon take the place of babysitters．
B．Babies should stay away from these learning apps
C．Baby's First Puzzle is a good choice for parents
D．The apps from Fisher-Price can teach children a lot．
66．What a babysitter really needs to do is toC．
A．buy more educational apps from markets  
B．turn to Commercial-Free Childhood for help
C．create more activities that children can take part in
D．encourage more kids to discover more electronic games
67．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？B
A．Fun educational apps for education
B．Learning apps：Do they really help？
C．Is modern technology improving our lives？
D．The campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood．