3．Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy．When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month．（71）C
      One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories．（72）EWe  know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing（加强）connections between brain cells，but the  memory processes that take place while we sleep  have been unclear．
      Support  is  growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（神经元）in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to from the next day．（73）F
      Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right．（74）GThe synapses in the  mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken  while sleeping．
     If  Tononi′s theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night′s sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information--our brains may have smaller room for new experiences．
     Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner．The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size．（75）B"You keep what matters，"Tononi says．

A．We should also try to sleep well the night before．
B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories．
C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick．
D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories．
E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning．
F．"Sleep is the price we pay for learning，"says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea．
G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice．

2．Measles（麻疹），which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine（疫苗）．But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly．Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year．
     The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend．When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected．This is called"herd immunity"，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work．
     But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in．When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger．
     That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N．Y．，where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year．
     The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk．Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer．
     Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out（决定不参加） of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten．Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免），sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine．
     Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out．But no one does enough to limit exemptions．
     Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons．But personal opinions？Not good enough．Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks．

63．The first two paragraphs suggest thatA．
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
64．Herd immunity works well whenC．
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？D
A．The overuse of vaccine．
B．The lack of medical care．
C．The features of measles itself．
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people．
66．What is the purpose of the passage？C
A．To introduce the idea of exemption．
B．To discuss methods to cure measles．
C．To stress the importance of vaccination．
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment．

1．Inspiring young minds!      TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children's publishing，bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month．

What is so special about TOKNOW Magazine？      Well，it has no ads or promotions inside--instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas．TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）--and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine．

What's inside？ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make--the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life．

Sounds too good to be true？
     Take a look online-evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends．
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59．Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？D
A．It entertains young parents．
B．It provides serious advertisements．
C．It publishes popular science fictions．
D．It combines fun with complex concepts．
60．What does TOKNOW offer its readers？B
A．Online courses．
B．Articles on new topics．
C．Lectures on a balanced life．
D．Reports on scientific discoveries．
61．How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China？D
A．£55．     B．£60．     C．£65．       D．£70．
62．Subscribers of TOKNOW would getB．
A．free birthday presents
B．full refund within 28 days
C．membership of the TOKNOW club
D．chances to meet the experts in person．

20．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
      Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl form Manitoba，Canada．One day，when she was five years old，she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg．They saw a man（36）Bout of a garbage can．She asked her mother why he did that，and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry．Hannah was very（37）D．She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food．Hannah started to think about how she could（38）C，but，of course，there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve（解决）the problem of homelessness．
      Later，when Hannah attended school，she saw another homeless person．It was a woman，（39）Aan old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with（40）D．It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them．This made Hannah very sad，and even more（41）Bto do something．She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people（42）Athey first saw the homeless man．Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad，she wouldn't（43）Cas bad．
      Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces．She hoped to（44）Dher message of hope and awareness．She started the Ladybug Foudation，an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness．She began to（45）C"Big Bosses"lunches，where she would try to persuade local business leaders to（46）Ato the cause．She also organized a fundraising（募捐）drive in"Ladybug Jars"to collect everyone′s spare change during"Make Change"month．More recently，the foundation began another（47）Acalled National Red Scarf Day-a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada′s （48）Band homeless．
      There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called"Hannah′s Place"，something that Hannah is very（49）Cof．Hannah′s Place is divided into several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that（50）Boutdoors can mean death．In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities，she has received a lot of （51）A．For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the （52）Dof young people to change the world．But （53）Call this，Hannah still has the （54）Clife of a Winnipeg schoolgirl，except that she pays regular visits to homeless people．
     Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a （55）Din the world．You can，too!

36．A．jumping	B．eating	C．crying	D．waving
37．A．annoyed	B．nervous	C．ashamed	D．upset
38．A．behave	B．manage	C．help	D．work
39．A．pushing	B．carrying	C．buying	D．holding
40．A．goods	B．bottles	C．foods	D．bags
41．A．excited	B．determined	C．energetic	D．grateful
42．A．since	B．unless	C．although	D．as
43．A．sound	B．get	C．feel	D．look
44．A．exchange	B．leave	C．keep	D．spread
45．A．sell	B．deliver	C．host	D．pack
46．A．contribute	B．lead	C．apply	D．agree
47．A．campaign	B．trip	C．procedure	D．trial
48．A．elderly	B．hungry	C．lonely	D．sick
49．A．aware	B．afraid	C．proud	D．sure
50．A．going	B．sleeping	C．travelling	D．playing
51．A．praises	B．invitations	C．replies	D．appointments
52．A．needs	B．interests	C．dreams	D．efforts
53．A．for	B．through	C．besides	D．along
54．A．healthy	B．public	C．normal	D．tough
55．A．choice	B．profit	C．judgement	D．difference

19．If the new safety system _______ to use，the accident would never have happened．（　　）

A．

had been put

B．

were put

C．

should be put

D．

would be put

18．If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people _______ you figure it out．（　　）

A．

because

B．

though

C．

until

D．

since

17．______ birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes．（　　）

A．

Once

B．

If

C．

Although

D．

Because

16．假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语．请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划．内容包括：
（1）时间和地点；
（2）内容：学习唐诗；
（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
．

15．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons．I still remember how hard first day was．Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank．I forgot what he had said to me altogether．The instructor kept repeating the word，"Speed up!""Slow down!""Turning left!"I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left．A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car．It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road．

14．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．
      There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community（医学界）（61）asa method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（62）effects（effect） such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
      Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（63）to process（process） the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（64）are removed（remove） from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something．As （65）a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even （66）worse （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（67）is  （be） full of fat and salt； by （68）eating （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
      Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心） between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（69）careful （care） not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（70）which is not good for the health．