A decade-long study, also the first major research into air pollution and disease has shown that living near a main road increases the risk of dementia(痴呆). The study of 6.6 million people found that one in 10 dementia deaths in people living within 50 metres of a busy road was due to waste gas and noise. 

Air pollution is already known to contribute to the deaths of around 40,000 people in Britain each year by worsening breathing and heart conditions, while previous research showed emissions (排放物) can cause brain shrinkage. But the new study by Canadian public health scientists is the first to find a link between living close to heavy traffic and the increasing of dementia, a discovery described as "believable" and "impressive" by British experts. 

Dr Hong Chen said. "Our study suggests that busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that could give rise to the onset of dementia. Population growth and urbanization has placed many people close to heavy traffic, and with widespread exposure to heavy traffic and growing rates of dementia, even a modest effect from near-road exposure could cause a large public health burden.  More research to understanding this link is needed, particularly into the effects of different aspects of traffic, such as air pollutants and noise."

In the new study, the team tracked all adults aged between 20 and 85 living in Ontario for more than a decade from 2001 to 2012. They used postcodes to determine how close people lived to a main road and analyzed medical records to see if they went on to develop dementia, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化). 

While there was no correlation between living near a road and Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis, dementia risk reduced as people lived further from a main road, with a 7 percent higher risk in developing dementia among those living within 50 metres; a 4 percent higher risk at 50-100 metres and a 2 percent higher risk at 101-200 metres. After 200 metres there was no increase. Researchers believe that noise of traffic may also play a role in the raised risk as well as other urban pollution, which is often present near busy roads.

1.What can we know about Canadian's new study?

A. British experts think highly of it.

B. It brings benefits to dementia patients.

C. It shows that air production is very serious.

D. It shows that air pollution can cause brain shrinkage.

2.What Dr Hong Chen said showed that______.

A. people are diagnosed with dementia mainly due to air pollution

B. widespread exposure to traffic will reduce the risk of having dementia

C. the link between living near roads and having dementia was not obvious

D. busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that caused dementia to increase

3.What does the underlined the word ‘correlation’ mean?

A. Change. B. Improvement.

C. Association. D. Secret

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Living near a main road adds to the risk of noise.

B. Living beyond 300 metres of a main road is safe for people.

C. Living within 200 metres of a main road has a lower risk of having dementia.

D. The further people live away from heavy traffic, the smaller the risk of having dementia.

Many scholarships require that you write an essay in order to be considered for the prize money. However, if you are the sort of person that has a headache whenever you have to complete a writing assignment, this may not be the best news. Luckily for you, there is no reason to fear the scholarship essay. The following tips could help you conquer this not-so-easy aspect of the scholarship application process.

You should always outline your essays. This does not just apply to the scholarship essays, either. An outline helps lend focus to your thoughts and helps you create a picture of the “whole” that the essay will become. Judges cannot to stand when your writing is loose, lacks coherence(连贯性)or when you fail to connect your main points together. They want to see that you can support your argument well with clear and brief examples and that these examples do, in fact, relate to the topic at hand.

If you have a choice in the topic you get to write about, always try to select something you are personally interested in. Don't write what you think the judges want to hear. This will only amount in an essay that reads like someone else’s, which is not a great way to make yourself stand out.

If you feel bored with the topic, then your essay will be boring as well. Make sure your idea follow a clear and a logical path. This means they are connected well and the transitions(过渡) easily flow from one idea to the next. Likewise, try to stay away from the obvious or the sad story. Yes, college will be a life-changing experience, but can you think of an interesting reason why this is so? And yes, it is terrible that you lost a family member at a young age, but what does it have to do with winning this scholarship? Judges can smell sad stories from a mile away, so only pull at the heartstrings(动人心弦) if you have a proper reason for doing so.

1.When writing a scholarship essay, an outline is necessary because it helps you_____.

A. focus on the details of the essay

B. think more about the scholarship

C. make a picture of the whole essay

D. support your argument well

2.Your essay will be appreciated by judges if it _______.

A. turns out to be loose

B. is short of coherence

C. is unable to connect to the main points

D. supports your argument with brief examples

3.What is the author’s opinion on choosing the topic for a scholarship essay?

A. The essay should include the obvious or the sad story.

B. You must keep your mind clear and logical.

C. You had better try to put an interesting story in it.

D. Try to say as much as you can about your family.

4.The intended readers of the passage are probably________.

A. college students B. judges in colleges

C. essay readers D. company leaders

While being lost in the woods can be a frightening experience, surviving alone in the wild is generally a matter of common sense, patience, and wisely using the gifts that nature provides.1..

Do your research first. Don't just trek off into the wilderness; get a solid understanding of your surroundings first. Studying a map of the area where you're going -- and making sure to bring it with you -- will increase your chances of not getting lost tremendously. Educate yourself about the flora and fauna of the area you are exploring. 2..

3.. A cell phone with a spare battery or a portable CB radio can be your best, quickest means of rescue if you are truly lost or injured. A cell signal may only be obtainable only from a hill or tree, but is better than nothing. Serious hikers may even consider investing in a personal locator beacon such as the SPOT Messenger for extended, precarious, or very remote, treks.

Don't panic if you’re lost. Panic is more dangerous than almost anything else, because it interferes with the operation of your single best, most useful and versatile survival tool: your mind. The moment you realize that you are lost, before you do anything else, stop.4.. Before you act, follow the idea of STOP: S = sit down T = think　O = observe your surroundings P = prepare for survival by gathering materials.

Signal your location. Make noise by whistling, shouting, singing, or banging rocks together. 5. . If you're in a mountain meadow, make three piles of dark leaves or branches in a triangle. In sandy areas, make a large triangle in the sand. Three of anything in the wilderness is a standard distress signal.

A. Bring a means of communication.

B. If you can, mark your location in such a way that it's visible from the air.

C. Knowledge of the local plants and animals can save your life

D. If you want to know how to survive in the woods, just follow these steps.

E. Starvation won't be a big problem.

F. Take a deep breath and stay calm.

G. Having strength in numbers will help you survive.

Dandelions（蒲公英） are common weeds that grow in many places around the world. In different _______, dandelions take different shapes. Scientists have long _______ that different habitats led to the creation of _______ species, and that differences in form are actual proof of different species. _______, according to Turesson, it is also possible that a _______ species takes different shapes dependent on the habitats it _______ in. To study this, I have looked at two dandelions growing in different habitats. The one, ________ I will call Dandelion 1, grows in a grass field that lies in the _______. The other Dandelion, Dandelion 2, grows in the shadow, eg _______ the trees or behind a shed. The grass field is hot and _______. The shadow is cool and wet. So, what are the _______ between Dandelion 1 and 2?

Dandelion 1 is dark green, and its ________ are short and quite thick. Most of the leaves lie _______ on the surrounding grass. The flowers are short. Dandelion 2, on the other hand, looks very differently. The leaves are long and ________green, Most leaves stand in a vertical position. The flowers also _______ tall.

Dandelion 2 _______ strong and tall. It is clear that it grows very well in the ______, and that has enough ________ and space to grow into a big plant. Dandelion 1, on the other hand, is small and dark. It seems that the ________ in the grassland make it difficult for this dandelion to grow into a big plant.

________, the conditions in the two different habitats result in different shapes for these dandelions. For Dandelion 1, the sun makes the grass field hot and dry. In order to save water, it grows short and thick leaves.

1.A. houses B. habitats C. parks D. countries

2.A. disagreed B. provided C. believed D. calculated

3.A. new B. good C. old D. bad

4.A. However B. Therefore C. Thus D. Otherwise

5.A. same B. different C. strange D. single

6.A. plants B. works C. takes D. grows

7.A. what B. which C. that D. when

8.A. world B. mountain C. sun D. valley

9.A. under B. over C. upon D. between

10.A. Humid B. Wet C. Soft D. dry

11.A. similarities B. advantages C. differences D. disadvantages

12.A. seeds B. leaves C. weeds D. woods

13.A. flat B. apart C. dead D. logical

14.A. dark B. bright C. artificial D. familiar

15.A. lie B. break C. stand D. perform

16.A. sounds B. smells C. feels D. looks

17.A. swallow B. shallow C. shadow D. shape

18.A. sunshine B. leaves C. honey D. water

19.A. Conditions B. Occasions C. Situations D. preparations

20.A. Fortunately B. Obviously C. Consequently D. Accidentally

The novel behind the popular television drama In the Name of People has sold out in bookstores, 1. online and hard copies, around the nation. 2.(write) by Zhou Meisen and published in January, the 54-chapter novel 3.(focus) on Chinese politics and officialdom(官僚） in the ongoing campaign against corruption（腐败）.Audiences to the television version that consists of 55 episodes, have been drawn 4.(watch) the series by the tension, drama and struggle of characters featured. Since the TV 5.(adapt) has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the 6.(origin) book to get ahead. According to Baidu Index, a majority of readers are between 25 and 39, and those 7.(age) 30 to 39 cover 51 percent of the readership. Yet those 8. haven't got the book may find 9. difficult to buy the paper copy at present. And popularity of the book is 10. many sellers' expectation.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。没出错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 没出错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

As winter comes, there are much rain and snow in many parts of our country including our city. It is too cold that an increasing number of students catch a cold. Even worse, some students fell down and hurt them because the icy roads. So we should protect ourselves from cold weather and there are many things what are of help. First, we should put up more clothes when going outside. Then to remember not to run or walk too fast on slippery roads. Luckily, some measures have been taking to prevent us from falling down. For example, some mats have been placed on the step of the teaching building. I hope everyone is safe and health.

假定你是某中学高三学生李华，听说某中外合作办学大学招收广东高中毕业生，有意申请到该校英语系学习。请根据信息，用英语写一封自荐信。要点如下：

主要说明个人教育背景、兴趣爱好和专长、选择课程及理由

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；、

3.开头、结语已为你写好。

Dear Sir/Madame,

I’m Lihua,a senior student who will graduate from Guangdong province this June.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Yours sincerely

Li Hua

Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal(运河) engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”.

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering(保存和供应)，Malcolm will explain the history of importing(进口) natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

Online bookings: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

More info: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

London Canal Museum

12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi

Tel:020 7713 0836

1.When is the talk on James Brindley?

A. February 6th. B. November 7th.

C. March 6th. D. December 5th.

2.What is the topic of the talk in February?

A. An Update on the Cotswold Canals. B. Ice for the Metropolis.

C. Eyots and Aits－Thames Islands. D. The Canal Pioneers.

3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.

A. Liz Payne. B. Malcolm Tucker.

C. Chris Lewis. D. Miranda Vickers.

Forgiving(原谅) someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger(愤怒) can change your well-being.

When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colors and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, say holding on to anger and hatred(仇恨) can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea. The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less unhappiness. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure and fewer problems on sleeping.

So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Skills such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.

Forgiveness doesn’t mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.

1.The author of the passage tries to make his opinion clear ___________.

A. by showing his own examples B. based on his own experience.

C. by using some studies. D. by introducing some patients.

2.The example of the cartoon book characters in the passage is taken to ________.

A. support the opinion that anger and hatred harm your physical and mental health

B. introduce a famous expert

C. let the readers know the different colors of cartoon faces

D. show how to control one’s temper

3.The underlined phrase “ holding on to” in the passage possibly means_______.

A. taking away B. keeping up

C. getting rid of D. learning about

How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.

The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.

The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don’t forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you’re brushing long enough. “It’s kind of like having a doctor actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.

The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications(应用) on your phone, so developers could, for example, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters(怪物) among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Serval says.

Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.

The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, depending on features. The U.S. is the first target market.

Serval says that one day, it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.

1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?

A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.

B. It can track users’ school performance.

C. It can cause users’ fear of seeing a doctor.

D. It can help users find their phones.

2.What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?

A. You will find it enjoyable to see a doctor.

B. You should see your doctor on a day-to-day basis.

C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a doctor.

D. You’d like a doctor to watch you brush your teeth every day.

3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.

B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.

C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.

D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.

4.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?

A. The brush handle will be removed.

B. A mobile phone will be built into it.

C. It will be used to fill holes in teeth.

D. It will be able to check users’ teeth.