阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

       The First Lesson of the New Term, a TV programme about how to protect oneself in times of emergency, is meant to provide school students with the knowledge on self-protection．It will help students in case of natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, snowstorms or floods．Many examples show that enough knowledge about self-protection along with enough courage and willpower can help many survive．

       The most recent example is from the earthquake in Sichuan Province in May of 2008．While thousands of school kids were killed by collapsed school buildings, all students from a middle school survived even without a single one being hurt．That’s because of their timely and orderly evacuations （撤离）, which they had been drilled in every term．

       It’s good to see this program is the most important activity of a national campaign to make students be aware of personal safety．Chinese Education Ministry has called on all schools nationwide to give lessons on self protection knowledge in times of emergency every term．

【写作内容】

       某中学生英文报就“学生安全教育”为主题举行英语征文活动。你阅读了上述文章后，准备给该报投稿，稿件内容要点包括：

       1．以约30个词概括以上短文内容。

       2．然后以约120个词谈谈你的观点，并包括以下要点：

（1）安全教育的重要性；

（2）举例说明中学生在日常安全方面应该注意的事项；

（3）呼吁中学生提高安全意识。

【写作要求】

       1．在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

       2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

北京每月22日定为“让座日”，在公交车上经常让座的乘客，将有机会获得奖励。对此，网民看法不一。请根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇5句话的短文。

注意: 1 不要逐条翻译；可适当发挥；  2 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；

       Beijing named the 22nd of every month as “Seat-giving Day” to encourage passengers on public transport to give up seats to those in greater need, and those commuters who refuse to do so will get criticized．This activity arouses different opinions among netizens．

A．

       A collection of over 3,000 pieces covers the history of the birth and development of Chinese currency．The ancient Silk Road coins record the economic history of those ancient nations along the Silk Road．

       B．

       About 100 pieces of furniture illustrate the elegant simplicity of Ming style and the brilliant appearance of Qing style．A Ming-style reception hall and a study, together with a set of furniture models unearthed from a Ming tomb, represent the household life of centuries back．

       C．

       Beginning with the writing carved on oracle（94E） bones and bronzes, to the age of bamboo slips and stone steles （石碑）, about 70 masterpieces, including those by Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, present the interpretations of seal, official, running, cursive and regular scripts．

       D．

       Long long rolls by masters from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties are displayed in the showcases by the long corridor, unfolding the glorious history of Chinese painting．

E．

       Over 400 bronzes of unique shapes, delicate decor and excellent techniques tell you the 1500-year history of the great Chinese Bronze Age from 18th century B．C．till 3rd century B．C．

       F．

       About 120 statues in the gallery cover the development of Chinese sculpture art from the Warring States to the Ming dynasty．The Buddhist sculptures show how Buddhism confronted and harmonized with Chinese traditional culture over the history．

下面是部分参观者的信息，请为他们找到各自需要的展馆。

46．Liu Qiang -- Liu Qiang is a middle-school student, who is fond of art handwriting．He is curious about the development of all art handwriting in history．

47．Cha Leon -- Cha Leon is from Thai and he is a devoted Buddhism believer．He wants to learn what Buddhism has brought into Chinese culture, especially at an aspect of art．

48．Mr．Chang -- Mr．Chang is a successful businessman．One of his hobbies is to collect house fittings in old look but delicate and unique shaped, especially beds, chairs or desks centuries ago．He won't lose a chance to appreciate such kind of things．

49．Mai Ya -- Mai Ya is studying in a university majoring in economy．Next week she will present her project with a lot of pictures of ancient money in her PPT, but she still needs to learn more about the money and the history period．

50．Xiao Yang -- Xiao Yang is fond of fine art．He believes enjoying masterpieces is a shortcut for him to develop painting ability, and he is fond of Chinese traditional ones

Whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck（船只失事） may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently．

       When the Lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a German ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）．

       But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize（文明的） behavior to take control—and the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children．

       Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”（理性的） and selfish manner．The two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender （性别） and wealth．

       The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink．They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule．When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role．But psychologists（心理学家） noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments（依恋） that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures．

       The extent （程度） of altruism （利他主义） and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said Anthony R．Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center．He thinks the dominant（主宰的） response was attachment behavior．

       Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage．Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”．

       Kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the Titanic’s captain appeared to have greater control than the Lusitania’s．

41．According to Benno Torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?

       A．The survival instinct．                         B．The civilized behavior．

       C．The leadership of the captain．               D．The length of time．

42．Which of the follwing explanations for the two sinkings will be accepted by psychologists?

       A．Human beings are born to be selfish．

       B．The well-off will be likely to survive．

       C．Social status will play a decisive role in survival．

       D．Human survival is more significant than that of the individuals．

43．The following factors have something to do with disasters behaviors EXCEPT__________．

       A．leadership                                                B．social division of labor   

       C．a feeling of affection                               D．social regulations

44．According to Daniel Kruger, the young and women in child-bearing years take the priority to survive because________．

       A．they make a contribution to human continuity   

       B．they deserve everybody’s sympathy

       C．they have stronger survival instincts           

       D．they are the weak who need protecting

45．What is the main idea of the passage?

       A．The passage is mainly about two sinkings that had different result about survivals．

       B．The passage shows us the true causes that resulted in the two shipwrecks．

       C．The passage gives us a definite explanation about the different consequence of survivals of the two shipwrecks．

       D．The passage gives us various possible analyses about the disaster behaviors．

Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect．They’re also an environmental hazard．Their manure（粪便）contains phosphorus（磷），which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae（藻类）overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases．

       Doing away with the pig is not an option．Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal．Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio（比率）in the world （2-1 in Denmark）, but East Asia is catching up．During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China—along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer．The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves（红树林），coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations．

       As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public．Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorus at all．If this variety of pig were adopted widely, It could greatly reduce a major source of pollution．But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema（忌讳） to many Westerners．

       The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandary: should they remain categorically（无条件） opposed to genetically modified （GM）foods even at the expense of the environment? Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach（漂白剂） in waste water from paper mills．The most significant GM applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats．

       Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic（引起过敏的）organic soy and their neurotoxin（神经毒素） sprayed organic apples．Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth—unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative．

36．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

       A．Pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings．

       B．No other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than East Asia．

       C．The pork production has increased to 70％ in China．

       D．The pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea．

37．The reason accounting for the hesitation to accept the idea of the Enviropig is__________．

       A．the poor technology                          B．the high cost

       C．the moral concept                              D．the doubt from the public

38．What does the underlined word “quandary” mean?

       A．an agreement                               B．a negotiation

       C．a dilemma                                    D．an adventure

39．The negative influence brought by the traditional agriculture is_________-．

       A．more living space occupation                  B．more crop improvement

       C．more food production                        D．more chemical application

40．What is the best title of the passage?

       A．How to Raise Pigs                             B．Whether to choose the GM Foods

       C．What’s GM Foods                              D．The Pollution Brought by Pigs

       When the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River ．You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi．

       But when the sun goes down, the partying begins．In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke．

       Several areas of the city clearly show the two worlds that rule Amsterdam．And they are all within a short cab ride of each other．

       For example, Dam Square attracts daytime sightseers to its festivals, open markets, concerts and other events．Several beautiful and very popular hotels can be found there．And there is the Royal Palace and the Magna Plaza shopping mall．

       But as evening descends on Dam Square so do the party-seeker, hip pop or funk music begins blaring from Club Paradiso and Club Melkweg．These are two of the most popular clubs in Europe．So if you come, be ready to dance．The clubs don’t shut down until 4 am．

       And while you are there, check out the various inexpensive ways to tour the city．Don’t worry about getting lost．Although Dutch is the official language, most people in Amsterdam speak English and are happy to help you with directions．

       And you will notice that half the people in streets are on bicycles．They rent for US $17 to $20 for a whole day．

       Amsterdam also has a good canal system．From anywhere between US $2 and $9．50, you can use the canal bus or a water taxi to cruise the “Venice of the North”．

       You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture: The rows of neat, narrow sour-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well worth seeing．Many of them are several centuries old．

       You might also want to jump out of the canal bus at the Museum Quarter and start walking．Masterpieces by Dutch artists such as Rembrandt, Bruegel, Van Gogh and others are on display at the Van Gogh Museum, Rembrandt House and others．

       The city has an appreciation of its historic post．One place to visit is the Anne Frank House in Nine Streets．It was there that the young Jewish girl wrote her famous diary during World War II．Visitors can view Anne’s original diary and climb behind the bookcase to the room where she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years．

31．At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that______．

       A．Parties go on all day long in Amsterdam     

       B．Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitors

       C．Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city 

       D．Amsterdam presents two different pictures

32．Which tourist attraction is mentioned in detail in Paragraphs Four and five?

       A．Royal palace．       B．Dam Square．       C．Club Paradiso．   D．Magns Plaza．

33．What the author`s purpose in writing the passage?

       A．To attract people to visit Amsterdam

       B．To share his experiences with readers

       C．To list the places of interest in Amsterdam

       D．To introduce the residents life in Amsterdam

34．According to the passage, the local people have all the following characteristics EXCEPT_______．

       A．they show hospitality                               B．they can speak English

       C．they are party goers                                D．they are fond of cycling

35．Which of the following words can best describe Amsterdam as a tourist city?

       A．Delightful          B．Quiet                C．Historic              D．Modern

For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers（慢跑者）．They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evenings．There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces．“Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening．“You’ll feel great．”

       Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could．So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more．Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion．

       First of all, jogging is very hard on the body．Your legs and feet take a real pounding（追击）running down a road for two or three miles．I developed foot, leg, and back problems．Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about．Jogging doesn’t kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me．

       Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging．Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn’t my idea of fun．Jogging is also a lonely pastime．Some joggers say, “I love being out there with just my thoughts．” Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt．

       And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week; it was practically every day for two months．I never got past the pain level, and pain isn’t fun．What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?

       I don’t jog any more, and I don’t think I ever will．I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good．I bicycle to work when the weather is good．I’m getting exercise, and I’m enjoying it at the same time．I could never say the same for jogging, and I’ve found a lot of better ways to stay in shape．

26．From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer’s neighborhood ______．

       A．people jogged only during the daytime       B．jogging provided a chance to get together

       C．jogging became very popular              D．Alex organized an army of joggers

27．The underlined word “them”（Paragraph 3） most probably refers to _____．

       A．physical weaknesses                                  B．heart attack  

      C．back problems                                         D．famous joggers

28．What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?

       A．He was very fond of it．                        B．He felt it was worth a try．

       C．He was strongly against it．                     D．He thought it must be painful．

       Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism．At times photojournalists tell their stories 16  a single picture ．At  17  times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story．Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts．It can also be a strong force for social change ．

       Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists ．He took pictures of parts of New York City  18  the poor lived．Riis believed that   19  （poor）caused crime, and his point  20  （prove）by his photos．A few years later, the photos of small children  21   （work）in factories by Lewis Hine shocked  22  public．Hine’s pictures helped bring  23  laws to protect such children．

       Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos．It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling．Photojournalists make an actual record of  24  they see．A photo,  25  ,can be both a work of art and an actual record ．It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture．

       As historical and artistic documents（文献），photos can become more important over time．

       Recently, I heard a touching story which illustrates the  1  that words have to change a life -- a power that lies right in the hands of those reading this article．

       Mary had grown up knowing that she was different from the other kids, and she hated it．She was born with a cleft palate（先天性颚裂）and had to bear the jokes and  2  of cruel children who teased her non-stop about her   3   lip and unclear speech．She was   4  that no one, outside her family, could ever love her   5  she entered Mrs．Leonard’s class．

       In the 1950’s , it was common for teachers to give their children a（n）  6  hearing test．However, in Mary’s   7  , in addition to her cleft palate, she was   8  able to hear out of one ear．   9  not to let the other children have another “  10  ”to point out, she would  11  on the test each year．The “whisper test” was given by having a child walk to the classroom door, turn sideways, close one ear with a finger, and then  12  something which the teacher whispered．Mary turned her bad ear towards her teacher and   13   to cover her good ear．She knew that teachers would often say things like, “The sky is blue．” or “What color are your shoes?” But not on that day ．Surely, God put seven words in Mrs．Leonard’s mouth that  14  Mary’s life forever．When the “Whisper test” came, Mary heard the words: “ I wish you were my little girl．”

       Words from a godly teacher can   15  a heart and powerfully set the course of a life．

1．A．effect                  B．power            C．fact               D．influence

2．A．glares                  B．smiles              C．stares             D．enthusiasm

3．A．misled                 B．mistaken          C．mismatched        D．misshaped

4．A．confirmed              B．convinced         C．informed          D．warned

5．A．when                 B．after                C．until              D．since

6．A．annual                 B．monthly              C．weekly            D．daily

7．A．case                  B．opinion            C．heart             D．phenomenon

8．A．nearly                 B．definitely           C．barely            D．eventually

9．A．Worried               B．Determined        C．Surprised          D．Excited

10．A．mistake              B．drawback          C．shortcoming       D．difference

11．A．compete              B．succeed           C．rely               D．cheat

12．A．exchange             B．repeat             C．modify            D．neglect

13．A．failed                 B．managed          C．pretended         D．remembered

14．A．changed              B．decided           C．helped             D．improved

15．A．break                B．mend             C．melt              D．calm

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right

changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to talk, run,

climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people, and

slowly make the needed changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him.

Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out it to him.

They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes

dependent on the teachers. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.

【写作内容】

1.       以约30个词概况短文的要点；

2.       然后以约120个词就“学生的学习错误该不该纠正”的主题发表看法，内容包括：

（1）以自己的学习生活为例，简述你在日常学习生活中常犯的错误；

（2）你是如何看待自己的错误的；

（3）老师是如何对待你的错误的；

（4）你对老师的做法的看法及理由。

【写作要求】

1.作文中可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

       2.标题自定。

【评分标准】

       概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。