Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.

The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings.

Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year.

The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University.

Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content.

The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants.

Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children.

Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information.

61. How many heart attacks will occur in the US every year？ 

A. 24,000.           B. nearly 800,000.        C. 100,000.           D. 92,000.

62. We can learn from the passage that         .  

A. Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s

B. the American Heart Association suggest less than 3 grams of salt every day.

C. all the heart diseases result from eating more salt

D. a reduction in salt in the diet helps lower blood pressure.

63. The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to         . 

A. put pressure on food companies and restaurants.            B. advise Americans to eat less salt.

C. require fast food places to list calorie information.          D. attract the public attention to the problem.

64. All the following are related to the salt in diet except _____.  

A. strokes         B. stomach diseases         C. blood pressures       D. heart attacks

65. The best title of the passage of the passage is         . 

A. The National Salt Reduction Initiative          B. Prevent heart attacks and deaths

C. Less salt can mean more life                  D. Americans should eat less salt

Pupils work harder in lessons if they are taught by a man, a study has claimed. Male teachers are more likely to improve pupils' self-esteem and are judged by pupils to be more fair, according to a study published by the Department for Education.                                                             

But there is a significant shortage of male teachers, especially in primary schools, with reports last month indicating that almost one in three primaries has an all-female teaching staff. The latest figures heightened fears that schools are becoming dominated (主宰) by women and children are being denied access to male role models in the classroom.                        

Researchers at the London School of Economics and Westminster University conducted an experiment in which each of 1,200 pupils in 29 schools was given £2. They could use the money to "buy" up to 10 questions at a cost of 20p each, which they then had to answer. If they were right they were given an extra 20p, but if they were wrong they lost 20p. Boys and girls who had a male teacher chose on average almost half a question

more than those taught by women, indicating that they had a more positive outlook on the rewards of effort, the study said.

Researchers wrote: "One of the most significant results featured in this experiment is the positive effect of male teachers on effort. The experiment suggests that higher ability pupils either believed that the teacher would reward them more favorably or had a preference for working hard to please the teacher. "

According to the Good Teacher Training Guide, 86 per cent of new teachers entering primary schools are

female, along with 62 per cent of those entering secondary schools.

Professor Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University, said: "This is an interesting and somewhat surprising finding, but it does underline the importance of having a good mix of male and female teachers in classes."

56. Which of the following is true of the passage?   

A. Male teachers are more fair than female teachers.

B. Now most primary schools are in need of teachers.

C. The author thinks that male teachers are better than female teachers.

D. Most people are afraid that their children can't get access to male teachers.

57. What is the author's attitude to the finding that pupils work harder in lessons if they are taught by a man?    

A. He is for the finding.                                      B. He doesn't show his opinion about it.

C. He is against the finding.                                D. He thinks it’s interesting and somewhat surprising.

58. What does the author mainly tell us in the 3^rd paragraph?    

A. The experiment shows that students taught by male teachers had a more positive outlook on the rewards of effort.

B. Students could use the money to "buy" up to 10 questions and then had to answer them.

C. Boys and girls who had a male teacher chose on average almost half a question more than those taught by women.

D. Researchers at the London School of Economics and Westminster University conducted an experiment.

59. It can be inferred that         .   

A. if a student is taught by a man teacher, he will think that if he works harder he will make greater progress

B. one third of primaries has an all female staff

C. 86 per cent of new teachers entering primary schools are female

D. this finding is interesting and surprising

60. Where can we find the passage?    

A. It is from a PE section on the Internet.                   B. It comes from the social section of a newspaper.

C. It is from an educational magazine.                         D. It comes from an English teaching book.

For a few years, I have been wearing a ring on my right hand. It’s not always the   36   ring, but it’s always a ring that has  37  on it so that when I look at it, I’m   38   or reminded of something important. I have made a   39  of buying rings like this whenever I see one in a store. Sometimes I give them away as    40  to someone like Jennie.

       I first met Jennie in the   41   waiting room and we had talked several times. One night I sat down beside her and   42   how her son was doing because I knew that he was in very  43    condition. She told me that she didn’t know what to do any more because it seemed none of the   44  from the doctors was good. They weren’t at all sure her son was going to   45   the accident that had hurt him so badly. With  46  in her eyes she said, “They’re   47  my hope.”

       I knew then that it was  48  just a coincidence that I was wearing the ring that I had on that day. As she   49  to talk, I   50  slipped the ring off my finger and placed it in Jennie’s hand. I told her to wear it to remember that God loved her and He would be with her  51   all of this.   52  Jennie looked down at the ring, she got excited and then held it tightly,  53   the word written on the ring was “HOPE”.

       The last day I was at the hospital, I saw Jennie in the distance as I got on the lift. She   54  and held up the hand with the ring on it as she called out to me saying, “Look, I   55   have Hope!”

36．A．special                B．same                      C．expensive                D．valuable

37．A．names                B．pictures                  C．words                    D．symbols

38．A．encouraged         B．admired                  C．trusted                    D．puzzled

39．A．plan                    B．habit                       C．list                         D．point

40．A．thanks                B．prizes                     C．awards                   D．gifts

41．A．railway               B．hospital                   C．school                    D．airport

42．A．thought               B．explained                 C．asked                     D．found

43．A．serious               B．normal                    C．favorable                D．excellent

44．A．advice                B．instructions             C．news                      D．comfort

45．A．defeat                 B．survive                   C．predict                    D．experience

46．A．apologies            B．anger                      C．tears                       D．doubt

47．A．keeping up          B．taking away             C．cutting off              D．bringing down

48．A．more than           B．rather than              C．other than               D．less than

49．A．started                B．refused                   C．attempted                D．continued

50．A．cautiously           B．shyly                      C．nervously                D．quietly

51．A．over                   B．through                   C．beyond                   D．within

52．A．When                 B．While                      C．Since                      D．Until

53．A．yet                     B．so                          C．for                         D．and

54．A．shouted              B．hesitated                 C．cheered                  D．waved

55．A．ever                   B．only                        C．just                        D．still

Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning.

A. it              B. those            C. one                  D. that

— How can I use this washing machine?

   — Well, just refer to the ________.

A. explanations      B. directions       C. preparations        D. expressions

It was raining hard, but by the time the class was over, the rain _______.

   A. stopped              B. was stopping      C. had stopped             D. would stop

Only when ________ to explain ____ the reason for this.

A. did he start; she realized                      B. he started; did she realize

C. did he start; she had realized              D. he started; had she realized

_______ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can not be solved.

   A. Since            B. As              C. While            D. Unless

She’s got the job because she has the advantage ______ others of knowing many languages.

A. against            B. above                 C. over             D. beyond

— You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night, did you?

  — Yes, but we ______. She didn’t come at all.

   A. don’t have to      B.  needn’t have     C. need to          D. should have